Hybrid tomato plant named hm 12579

ABSTRACT

A novel hybrid tomato plant, designated HM 12579 is disclosed. The disclosure relates to the seeds of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, to the plants and plant parts of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, and to methods for producing a tomato plant by crossing the hybrid tomato HM 12579 with itself or another tomato plant.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to the field of agriculture, to new anddistinctive hybrid tomato plants, such as a hybrid plant designated HM12579 and to methods of making and using such hybrids.

BACKGROUND

Tomato is an important and valuable vegetable crop. Thus, a continuinggoal of plant breeders is to develop stable, high yielding tomatohybrids that are agronomically sound or unique. The reasons for thisgoal are to maximize the amount of fruit produced on the land used(yield) as well as to improve the fruit appearance, the fruit shape andsize, eating and processing qualities and/or the plant agronomic andhorticultural qualities. To accomplish this goal, the tomato breedermust select and develop tomato plants that have the traits that resultin superior parental lines that combine to produce superior hybrids.

SUMMARY

The following embodiments and aspects thereof are described inconjunction with systems, tools and methods which are meant to beexemplary, not limiting in scope.

According to the disclosure, in some embodiments there is provided anovel hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, also interchangeably referredto as ‘hybrid tomato HM 12579’, ‘tomato hybrid HM 12579’ or ‘HM 12579’.

This disclosure thus relates to the seeds of hybrid tomato designated HM12579, to the plants or parts of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, toplants or parts thereof comprising all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 orparts thereof, and/or having all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, and/or having oneor more of or all of the characteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM12579 including but not limited to as determined at the 5% significancelevel when grown in the same environmental conditions, and/or having oneor more of the physiological and morphological characteristics of hybridtomato designated HM 12579 including but not limited to as determined atthe 5% significance level when grown in the same environmentalconditions and/or having all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 including but notlimited to as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in thesame environmental conditions and/or having one or more of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579 when grown in the same environmental conditionsand/or having all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions. The disclosure also relates to variants,mutants and trivial modifications of the seed or plant of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579. In some embodiments, a representative sample ofseed of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 is deposited under NCIMB No.______.

Plant parts of the hybrid tomato plant designated HM 12579 of thepresent disclosure are also provided, such as, but not limited to, ascion, a rootstock, a fruit, a leaf, a flower, a peduncle, a stalk, aroot, a stamen, an anther, a pistil, a pollen or an ovule obtained fromthe hybrid plant. The present disclosure provides fruit of the hybridtomato plant designated HM 12579 of the present disclosure. Such fruitand parts thereof could be used as fresh products for consumption or inprocesses resulting in processed products such as food productscomprising one or more harvested parts of the hybrid tomato designatedHM 12579, such as prepared fruit or parts thereof, canned fruit or partsthereof, freeze-dried or frozen fruits or parts thereof, diced fruits,juices, prepared fruit cuts, canned tomatoes, pastes, sauces, purees,catsups and the like. All such products are part of the presentdisclosure and the like. The harvested parts or food products can be orcan comprise hybrid tomato fruit from hybrid tomato designated HM 12579.The food products might have undergone one or more processing steps suchas, but not limited to cutting, washing, mixing, frizzing, canning, etc.All such products are part of the present disclosure. The presentdisclosure also provides plant parts or cells of the hybrid tomato plantdesignated HM 12579, wherein a plant regenerated from said plants partsor cells has one or more of, or all the phenotypic and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, such as one ormore of or all the characteristics of hybrid tomato plant designated HM12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______, including but not limited to asdetermined at the 5% significance level when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions. All such parts and cells of the hybrid tomatoHM 12579 are part of the present disclosure.

The plants and seeds of the present disclosure include those that may beof an essentially derived variety as defined in section 41(3) of thePlant Variety Protection Act of The United States of America, e.g., avariety that is predominantly derived from hybrid tomato designated HM12579 or from a variety that i) is predominantly derived from hybridtomato designated HM 12579, while retaining the expression of theessential characteristics that result from the genotype or combinationof genotypes of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579; ii) is clearlydistinguishable from hybrid tomato designated HM 12579; and iii) exceptfor differences that result from the act of derivation, conforms to theinitial variety in the expression of the essential characteristics thatresult from the genotype or combination of genotypes of the hybridtomato plant designated HM 12579.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides regenerable cells. Insome embodiments, the regenerable cells are for use in tissue culture ofhybrid tomato designated HM 12579. In some embodiments, the tissueculture is capable of regenerating plants comprising all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579, and/or having all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579,and/or having one or more of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, and/or having thecharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579. In someembodiments, the regenerated plants have the characteristics of hybridtomato designated HM 12579 including but not limited to as determined atthe 5% significance level when grown in the same environmentalconditions and/or have all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 including but notlimited to as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in thesame environmental conditions and/or have one or more of thephysiological and morphological characteristics hybrid tomato designatedHM 12579 including but not limited to as determined at the 5%significance level when grown in the same environmental conditionsand/or have all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.

In some embodiments, the plant parts and cells used to produce suchtissue cultures will be embryos, meristematic cells, seeds, callus,pollens, leaves, anthers, pistils, stamens, roots, root tips, stems,petioles, fruits, cotyledons, hypocotyls, ovaries, seed coats, fruits,stalks, endosperms, flowers, axillary buds or the like. Protoplastsproduced from such tissue culture are also included in the presentdisclosure. The tomato leaves, shoots, roots and whole plantsregenerated from the tissue culture, as well as the fruits produced bysaid regenerated plants are also part of the disclosure. In someembodiments, the whole plants regenerated from the tissue culture haveone, more than one, or all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of tomato hybrid designated HM 12579, including but notlimited to as determined at the 5% significance level when grown in thesame environmental conditions.

The disclosure also provides for methods for vegetatively propagating aplant of the present disclosure. In the present application,vegetatively propagating can be interchangeably used with vegetativereproduction. In some embodiments, the methods comprise collecting partsof a hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 and regenerating a plant fromsaid parts. In some embodiments, one of the parts can be for example astem. In some embodiments, the parts can be used, for example, for astem cutting that is rooted into an appropriate medium according totechniques known by the one skilled in the art. Plants and partsthereof, including but not limited to fruits thereof, produced by suchmethods are also included in the present disclosure. In another aspect,the plants and parts thereof such as stems and fruits produced by suchmethods comprise all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, and/or have all ofthe physiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579 and/or have the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 and/or have one ormore of the characteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579. Insome embodiments, plants, parts or fruits thereof produced by suchmethods consist of one, more than one, or all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of tomato hybrid designated HM 12579,including but not limited to as determined at the 5% significance levelwhen grown in the same environmental conditions.

Further included in the disclosure are methods for producing fruitsand/or seeds from the hybrid tomato designated HM 12579. In someembodiments, the methods comprise growing a hybrid tomato designated HM12579 to produce tomato fruits and/or seeds. In some embodiments, themethods further comprise harvesting the hybrid tomato fruits and/orseeds. Such fruits and/or seeds are parts of the present disclosure. Insome embodiments, such fruits and/or seeds have all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the fruits and/or seeds of hybridtomato designated HM 12579 (e.g. those listed in Table 1 and/ordeposited under NCIMB No. ______) when grown in the same environmentalconditions and/or have one or more of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of the fruits and/or seeds of the hybridtomato designated HM 12579 (e.g. those listed in Table 1 and/ordeposited under NCIMB No. ______) when grown in the same environmentalconditions and/or have the characteristics of the fruits and/or seeds ofthe hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 (e.g. those listed in Table 1and/or deposited under NCIMB No. ______) when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.

Also included in this disclosure are methods for producing a tomatoplant. In some embodiments, the tomato plant is produced by crossing thehybrid tomato designated HM 12579 with itself or other tomato plant. Insome embodiments, the other plant can be a hybrid tomato other than thehybrid tomato designated HM 12579. In other embodiments, the other plantcan be a tomato inbred line. When crossed with an inbred line, in someembodiments, a “three-way cross” is produced. When crossed with itself(i.e. when a tomato HM 12579 is crossed with another hybrid tomato HM12579 plant or when self-pollinated), or with another, different hybridtomato, in some embodiments, a “four-way” cross is produced. Such threeand four-way hybrid seeds and plants produced by growing said three andfour-way hybrid seeds are included in the present disclosure. Methodsfor producing a three and four-way hybrid tomato seeds comprising (a)crossing hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 tomato plant with a differenttomato inbred line or hybrid and (b) harvesting the resultant hybridtomato seed are also part of the disclosure. The hybrid tomato seedsproduced by the method comprising crossing hybrid tomato designated HM12579 tomato plant with a different tomato plant such as a tomato inbredline or hybrid, and harvesting the resultant hybrid tomato seed areincluded in the disclosure, as are included the hybrid tomato plant orparts thereof and seeds produced by said grown hybrid tomato plants.

Further included in the disclosure are methods for producing tomatoseeds and plants made thereof. In some embodiments, the methods compriseself-pollinating the hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 and harvestingthe resultant hybrid seeds. Tomato seeds produced by such method arealso part of the disclosure.

In another embodiment, this disclosure relates to methods for producinga hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 from a collection of seeds.

In some embodiments, the collection contains both seeds of inbred parentline(s) of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 seeds and hybrid seeds ofHM 12579. Such a collection of seeds might be a commercial bag of seeds.In some embodiments, said methods comprise planting the collection ofseeds. When planted, the collection of seeds will produce inbred parentlines of hybrid tomato HM 12579 and hybrid plants from the hybrid seedsof HM 12579. In some embodiments, said inbred parent lines of hybridtomato designated HM 12579 plants are identified as having a decreasedvigor compared to the other plants (i.e. hybrid plants) grown from thecollection of seeds. In some embodiments, said decreased vigor is due tothe inbreeding depression effect and can be identified for example by aless vigorous appearance for vegetative and/or reproductivecharacteristics including a shorter plant height, small fruit size,fruit shape, fruit color or other characteristics. In some embodiments,seeds of the inbred parent lines of the hybrid tomato HM 12579 arecollected and, if new inbred parent plants thereof are grown and crossedin a controlled manner with each other, the hybrid tomato HM 12579 willbe recreated.

This disclosure also relates to methods for producing other tomatoplants derived from hybrid tomato HM 12579 and to the tomato plantsderived by the use of methods described herein.

In some embodiments, such methods for producing a tomato plant derivedfrom hybrid tomato HM 12579 comprise (a) self-pollinating the hybridtomato HM 12579 plant at least once to produce a progeny plant derivedfrom the hybrid tomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, the methodsfurther comprise (b) crossing the progeny plant derived from the hybridtomato HM 12579 with itself or a second tomato plant to produce a seedof a progeny plant of a subsequent generation. In some embodiments, themethods further comprise (c) growing the progeny plant of the subsequentgeneration. In some embodiments, the methods further comprise (d)crossing the progeny plant of the subsequent generation with itself or asecond tomato plant to produce a tomato plant further derived from thehybrid tomato HM 12579. In further embodiments, steps (b), step (c)and/or step (d) are repeated for at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, ormore generations to produce a tomato plant derived from the hybridtomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, within each crossing cycle, thesecond plant is the same plant as the second plant in the last crossingcycle. In some embodiments, within each crossing cycle, the second plantis different from the second plant in the last crossing cycle.

Another method for producing a tomato plant derived from hybrid tomatoHM 12579, comprises (a) crossing the hybrid tomato HM 12579 plant with asecond tomato plant to produce a progeny plant derived from the hybridtomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, the method further comprises (b)crossing the progeny plant derived from the hybrid tomato HM 12579 withitself or a second tomato plant to produce a seed of a progeny plant ofa subsequent generation. In some embodiments, the method furthercomprises (c) growing the progeny plant of the subsequent generation. Insome embodiments, the method further comprises (d) crossing the progenyplant of the subsequent generation with itself or a second tomato plantto produce a tomato plant derived from the hybrid tomato HM 12579. In afurther embodiment, steps (b), (c) and/or (d) are repeated for at least1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more generations to produce a tomato plantderived from the hybrid tomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, withineach crossing cycle, the second plant is the same plant as the secondplant in the last crossing cycle. In some embodiments, within eachcrossing cycle, the second plant is different from the second plant inthe last crossing cycle.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides methods of introducing asingle locus conversion conferring one or more desired trait(s) into thehybrid tomato HM 12579, and plants, fruits and/or seeds obtained fromsuch methods. In another aspect, the present disclosure provides methodsof modifying a single locus and conferring one or more desired trait(s)into the hybrid tomato HM 12579, and plants, fruits and/or seedsobtained from such methods. The desired trait(s) may be, but notexclusively, conferred by a single locus that contains a single and/ormultiple gene(s). In some embodiments, the gene is a dominant allele. Insome embodiments, the gene is a partially dominant allele. In someembodiments, the gene is a recessive allele. In some embodiments, thegene or genes will confer or modify such traits, including but notlimited to male sterility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance,resistance for bacterial, fungal, mycoplasma or viral disease, enhancedplant quality such as improved drought or salt tolerance, water-stresstolerance, improved standability, enhanced plant vigor, improved shelflife, delayed senescence or controlled ripening, enhanced nutritionalquality such as increased sugar content or increased sweetness,increased texture, improved flavor and aroma, improved fruit lengthand/or size, protection for color, fruit shape, uniformity, length ordiameter, refinement or depth, lodging resistance, improved yield andrecovery, improved fresh cut application, specific aromatic compounds,specific volatiles, flesh texture and specific nutritional components.For the present disclosure and the skilled artisan, disease isunderstood to include, but not limited to fungal diseases, viraldiseases, bacterial diseases, mycoplasma diseases, or other plantpathogenic diseases and a disease resistant plant will encompass a plantresistant to fungal, viral, bacterial, mycoplasma, and other plantpathogens. In one aspect, the gene or genes may be naturally occurringtomato gene(s) and/or spontaneous or induced mutations(s). In anotheraspect, genes are mutated, modified, genetically engineered through theuse of New Breeding Techniques described herein. In some embodiments,the method for introducing the desired trait(s) into hybrid tomato HM12579 is a backcrossing process by making use of a series of backcrossesto at least one of the parent lines of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579(a.k.a. hybrid tomato HM 12579 or tomato hybrid HM 12579) during whichthe desired trait(s) is maintained by selection. At least one of theparent lines of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 possesses the desiredtrait(s) by the backcrossing process, and the desired trait(s) isinherited by the hybrid tomato progeny plants by conventional breedingtechniques known to breeders of ordinary skill in the art. The singlegene converted plants or single locus converted plants that can beobtained by the methods are included in the present disclosure.

In further embodiments, the trait may be conferred by a naturallyoccurring gene introduced into the genome of a line by backcrossing, anatural or induced mutation, or a transgene introduced through genetictransformation techniques into the plant or a progenitor of any previousgeneration thereof. When introduced through transformation, a geneticlocus may comprise one or more genes integrated at a single chromosomallocation.

When dealing with a gene that has been modified, for example through NewBreeding Techniques, the trait (genetic modification) could be directlymodified into the newly developed hybrid tomato plant and/or at leastone of the parent lines of hybrid tomato HM 12579. Alternatively, if thetrait is not modified into each newly developed hybrid tomato plantand/or at least one of the parent lines of hybrid tomato HM 12579,another typical method used by breeders of ordinary skill in the art toincorporate the modified gene is to take a line already carrying themodified gene and to use such line as a donor line to transfer themodified gene into the newly developed hybrid tomato plant and/or atleast one of the parent lines of the newly developed hybrid. The samewould apply for a naturally occurring trait or one arising fromspontaneous or induced mutations.

In some embodiments, the backcross breeding process of the parentalinbred line plants of hybrid tomato HM 12579 comprises (a) crossing oneof the parental inbred line plants of hybrid tomato HM 12579 with plantsof another line that comprise the desired trait(s) to produce F₁ progenyplants. In some embodiments, the process further comprises (b) selectingthe F₁ progeny plants that have the desired trait(s). In someembodiments, the process further comprises (c) crossing the selected F₁progeny plants with the parental inbred tomato lines of hybrid tomato HM12579 plants to produce backcross progeny plants. In some embodiments,the process further comprises (d) selecting for backcross progeny plantsthat have the desired trait(s) and essentially all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the tomato parental inbred line ofhybrid tomato HM 12579 to produce selected backcross progeny plants. Insome embodiments, the process further comprises (e) repeating steps (c)and (d) one, two, three, four, five six, seven, eight, nine or moretimes in succession to produce selected, second, third, fourth, fifth,sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth or higher backcross progeny plants thathave the desired trait(s) and essentially all of the characteristics ofthe parental inbred tomato line of hybrid tomato HM 12579, and/or havethe desired trait(s) and essentially all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of the parental tomato inbred line ofhybrid tomato HM 12579, and/or have the desired trait(s) and otherwiseessentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof the parental inbred tomato line of tomato hybrid HM 12579, includingbut not limited to when grown in the same environmental conditions orincluding but not limited to at a 5% significance level when grown inthe same environmental conditions. In some embodiments, this methodfurther comprises crossing the backcross progeny plant of the parentaltomato inbred line plant of hybrid tomato HM 12579 having the desiredtrait(s) with the second parental inbred tomato line plants of hybridtomato HM 12579 in order to produce the hybrid tomato HM 12579comprising the desired trait(s). The tomato plants or seed produced bythe methods are also part of the disclosure, as are the hybrid tomato HM12579 plants that comprise the desired trait. Backcrossing breedingmethods, well known to one skilled in the art of plant breeding will befurther developed in subsequent parts of the specification.

An embodiment of this disclosure is a method of making a backcrossconversion of hybrid tomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, the methodcomprises crossing one of the parental tomato inbred line plants ofhybrid tomato HM 12579 with a donor plant comprising a spontaneous orartificially induced mutation(s), a naturally occurring gene(s), or agene(s) and/or sequence(s) modified through New Breeding Techniquesconferring one or more desired traits to produce F₁ progeny plants. Insome embodiments, the method further comprises selecting an F₁ progenyplant comprising the naturally occurring gene(s), the spontaneous orartificially induced mutation(s), or the gene(s) and/or sequences(s)modified through New Breeding Techniques conferring the one or moredesired traits. In some embodiments, the method further comprisesbackcrossing the selected progeny plant to the parental tomato inbredline plants of hybrid tomato HM 12579. This method may further comprisethe step of obtaining a molecular marker profile of the parental tomatoinbred line plants of hybrid tomato HM 12579 and using the molecularmarker profile to select for the progeny plant with the desired traitand the molecular marker profile of the parental tomato inbred lineplants of hybrid tomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, this methodfurther comprises crossing the backcross progeny plant of the parentaltomato inbred line plant of hybrid tomato HM 12579 containing thenaturally occurring gene(s), the spontaneous or artificially inducedmutation(s), or the gene(s) and/or sequence(s) modified through NewBreeding Techniques conferring the one or more desired traits, with thesecond parental inbred tomato line plants of hybrid tomato HM 12579 inorder to produce the hybrid tomato HM 12579 comprising the naturallyoccurring gene(s), the spontaneous or artificially induced mutation(s),or the gene(s) and/or sequence(s) modified through New BreedingTechniques conferring the one or more desired traits. The plants orparts thereof produced by such methods are also part of the presentdisclosure.

In some embodiments of the disclosure, the number of loci that may betransferred and/or backcrossed into the parental tomato inbred line ofhybrid tomato HM 12579 is at least 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or more.

A single locus may contain several genes. A single locus conversion alsoallows for making one or more site specific changes to the plant genome,such as, without limitation, one or more nucleotide changes, deletions,insertions, substitutions, etc. In some embodiments, the single locusconversion is performed by genome editing, a.k.a. genome editing withengineered nucleases (GEEN). In some embodiments, the genome editingcomprises using one or more engineered nucleases. In some embodiments,the engineered nucleases include, but are not limited to Zinc fingernucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases(TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system (using such as Cas9, Cas12a/Cpf1,Cas13/C2c2, CasX and CasY), meganucleases, homing endonucleases andendonucleases for DNA guided genome editing (Gao et al., NatureBiotechnology (2016), doi: 10.1038/nbt.3547). In some embodiments, thesingle locus conversion changes one or several nucleotides of the plantgenome. Such genome editing techniques are some of the techniques nowknown by the person skilled in the art and herein are collectivelyreferred to as “New Breeding Techniques”. In some embodiments, one ormore above-mentioned genome editing methods are directly applied on aplant of the present disclosure, rather than on the parental tomatoinbred lines of hybrid tomato HM 12579. Accordingly, a cell containingan edited genome, or a plant part containing such cell can be isolatedand used to regenerate a novel plant which has a new trait conferred bysaid genome editing, and essentially all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of hybrid tomato plant HM 12579.

The disclosure further provides methods for developing tomato plants ina tomato plant breeding program using plant breeding techniquesincluding but not limited to, recurrent selection, backcrossing,pedigree breeding, genomic selection, molecular marker (IsozymeElectrophoresis, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLPs),Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNAs (RAPDs), Arbitrarily PrimedPolymerase Chain Reactions (AP-PCRs), DNA Amplification Fingerprintings(DAFs), Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCARs), AmplifiedFragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs), and Simple Sequence Repeats(SSRs) which are also referred to as Microsatellites, Single NucleotidePolymorphisms (SNPs), enhanced selection, genetic markers, enhancedselection and transformation. Seeds, tomato plants, and parts thereofproduced by such breeding methods are also part of the disclosure.

The disclosure also relates to variants, mutants and trivialmodifications of the seed or plant of the hybrid tomato HM 12579 orinbred parental lines thereof. Variants, mutants and trivialmodifications of the seed or plant of hybrid tomato HM 12579 or inbredparental lines thereof can be generated by methods available to oneskilled in the art, including but not limited to, mutagenesis (e.g.,chemical mutagenesis, radiation mutagenesis, transposon mutagenesis,insertional mutagenesis, signature tagged mutagenesis, site-directedmutagenesis, and natural mutagenesis), knock-outs/knock-ins, antisenseoligonucleotides, RNA interference and other techniques such as the NewBreeding Techniques described herein. For more information ofmutagenesis in plants, such as agents or protocols, see Acquaah et al.(Principles of plant genetics and breeding, Wiley-Blackwell, 2007, ISBN1405136464, 9781405136464, which is herein incorporated by reference inits entity).

The disclosure also relates to a mutagenized population of the hybridtomato HM 12579 and methods of using such populations. In someembodiments, the mutagenized population can be used in screening for newtomato plants which comprise essentially one or more of or all themorphological and physiological characteristics of hybrid tomato HM12579. In some embodiments, the new tomato plants obtained from thescreening process comprise essentially all of the morphological andphysiological characteristics of the hybrid tomato HM 12579, and one ormore additional or different morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics that the hybrid tomato HM 12579 does not have.

This disclosure is also directed to methods for producing a tomato plantby crossing a first parent tomato plant with a second parent tomatoplant, wherein either the first or second parent tomato plant is ahybrid tomato plant of HM 12579. Further, both first and second parenttomato plants can come from the hybrid tomato plant HM 12579. Further,the hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 can be self-pollinated i.e. the pollenof a hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 can pollinate the ovule of the samehybrid tomato plant HM 12579. When crossed with another tomato plant, ahybrid seed is produced. Such methods of hybridization andself-pollination are well known to those skilled in the art of breeding.

An inbred tomato line such as one of the parental lines of hybrid tomatoHM 12579 has been produced through several cycles of self-pollinationand is therefore to be considered as a homozygous line. An inbred linecan also be produced though the dihaploid system which involves doublingthe chromosomes from a haploid plant or embryo thus resulting in aninbred line that is genetically stable (homozygous) and can bereproduced without altering the inbred line. Haploid plants could beobtained from haploid embryos that might be produced from microspores,pollen, anther cultures or ovary cultures or spontaneous haploidy. Thehaploid embryos may then be doubled by chemical treatments such as bycolchicine or be doubled autonomously. The haploid embryos may also begrown into haploid plants and treated to induce the chromosome doubling.In either case, fertile homozygous plants may be obtained. A hybridvariety is classically created through the fertilization of an ovulefrom an inbred parental line by the pollen of another, different inbredparental line. Due to the homozygous state of the inbred line, theproduced gametes carry a copy of each parental chromosome. As both theovule and the pollen bring a copy of the arrangement and organization ofthe genes present in the parental lines, the genome of each parentalline is present in the resulting F₁ hybrid, theoretically in thearrangement and organization created by the plant breeder in theoriginal parental line.

As long as the homozygosity of the parental lines is maintained, theresulting hybrid cross shall be stable. The F₁ hybrid is then acombination of phenotypic characteristics issued from two arrangementand organization of genes, both created by a person skilled in the artthrough the breeding process.

Still further, this disclosure is also directed to methods for producinga tomato plant derived from hybrid tomato HM 12579 by crossing hybridtomato plant HM 12579 with a second tomato plant. In some embodiments,the methods further comprise obtaining a progeny seed from the cross. Insome embodiments, the methods further comprise growing the progeny seed,and possibly repeating the crossing and growing steps with the hybridtomato plant HM 12579 derived plant from 0 to 7 or more times. Thus, anysuch methods using the hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 are part of thisdisclosure: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses topopulations, and the like. All plants produced using hybrid tomato plantHM 12579 as a parent are within the scope of this disclosure, includingplants derived from hybrid tomato plant HM 12579. In some embodiments,such plants have one, more than one or all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of the hybrid tomato plant HM 12579including but not limited to as determined at the 5% significance levelwhen grown in the same environmental conditions. In some embodiments,such plants might exhibit additional and desired characteristics ortraits such as high seed yield, high seed germination, seedling vigor,early maturity, high fruit yield, ease of fruit setting, diseasetolerance or resistance, lodging resistance, and adaptability for soiland climate conditions. Consumer-driven traits, such as a preference fora given fruit size, fruit shape, fruit color, fruit texture, fruittaste, fruit firmness, fruit sugar content are other traits that may beincorporated into new tomato plants developed by this disclosure.

A tomato plant can also be propagated vegetatively. A part of the plant,for example a shoot tissue, is collected, and a new plant is obtainedfrom the part. Such part typically comprises an apical meristem of theplant. The collected part is transferred to a medium allowingdevelopment of a plantlet, including for example rooting or developmentof shoots, or is grafted onto a tomato plant or a rootstock prepared tosupport growth of shoot tissue. This is achieved using methods wellknown in the art. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a method ofvegetatively propagating a plant of the present disclosure comprisescollecting a part of a plant according to the present disclosure, e.g. ashoot tissue, and obtaining a plantlet from said part. In oneembodiment, a method of vegetatively propagating a plant of the presentdisclosure comprises: (a) collecting tissue of a plant of the presentdisclosure; (b) rooting said proliferated shoots to obtain rootedplantlets. In one embodiment, a method of vegetatively propagating aplant of the present disclosure comprises: (a) collecting tissue of aplant of the present disclosure; (b) cultivating said tissue to obtainproliferated shoots; (c) rooting said proliferated shoots to obtainrooted plantlets. In one embodiment, such method further comprisesgrowing a plant from said plantlets. In one embodiment, a fruit isharvested from said plant. In one embodiment, such fruits and plantshave all of the physiological and morphological characteristics offruits and plants of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 when grown in thesame environmental conditions. In one embodiment, the fruit is processedinto products such as canned tomato fruits and/or parts thereof, freezedried or frozen fruit and/or parts thereof, fresh or prepared fruitand/or parts thereof or pastes, sauces, purees, catsups and the like.

The disclosure is also directed to the use of the hybrid tomato plant HM12579 in a grafting process. In one embodiment, the hybrid tomato plantHM 12579 is used as the scion while in another embodiment, the hybridtomato plant HM 12579 is used as a rootstock.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a seed of hybridtomato designated HM 12579, wherein a representative sample of seed ofsaid hybrid is deposited under NCIMB No. ______.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tomato plant, or apart thereof, produced by growing the deposited HM 12579 seed.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tomato plant part,wherein the tomato part is selected from the group consisting of: aleaf, a flower, a fruit, a stalk, a root, a rootstock, a seed, anembryo, a peduncle, a stamen, an anther, a pistil, an ovule, a pollen, acell, a rootstock, and a scion.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tomato plant, or apart thereof, having all of the characteristics of hybrid tomato HM12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______ of this disclosure including butnot limited to as determined at the 5% significance level when grown inthe same environmental conditions.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tomato plant, or apart thereof, having all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato HM 12579, wherein a representativesample of seed of said hybrid was deposited under NCIMB No. ______.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tissue culture ofregenerable cells produced from the plant or part grown from thedeposited HM 12579 seed, wherein cells of the tissue culture areproduced from a plant part selected from the group consisting ofprotoplasts, embryos, meristematic cells, callus, pollens, ovules,flowers, seeds, leaves, roots, root tips, anthers, stems, petioles,fruits, axillary buds, cotyledons and hypocotyls. In some embodiments,the plant part includes protoplasts produced from a plant grown from thedeposited HM 12579 seed.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a compositioncomprising regenerable cells produced from the plant or part thereofgrown from the deposited hybrid HM 12579 seed, or other part or cellthereof. In some embodiments, the composition further comprises a growthmedia. In some embodiments, the growth media is solid or a syntheticcultivation medium. In some embodiments, the composition is a tomatoplant regenerated from the tissue culture from a plant grown from thedeposited HM 12579 seed, said plant having all of the characteristics ofhybrid tomato HM 12579, wherein a representative sample of seed of saidhybrid is deposited under NCIMB No. ______.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tomato fruitproduced from the plant grown from the deposited HM 12579 seed.

In some embodiments, such fruits have all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579fruits when grown in the same environmental conditions.

In some embodiments, methods of producing said tomato fruit comprise (a)growing the tomato plant from deposited HM 12579 seed to produce atomato fruit, and (b) harvesting said tomato fruit. In some embodiments,the present disclosure also teaches a tomato fruit produced by themethod of producing tomato fruit and/or seed as described above. In someembodiments, such fruits have all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of fruits of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 (e.g.those listed in Table 1 and/or deposited under NCIMB No. ______) whengrown in the same environmental conditions.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods forproducing a tomato seed comprising crossing a first parent tomato plantwith a second parent tomato plant and harvesting the resultant tomatoseed, wherein said first parent tomato plant and/or second parent tomatoplant is the tomato plant produced from the deposited HM 12579 seed or atomato plant having all of the characteristics of hybrid tomato HM 12579deposited under NCIMB No. ______ including but not limited to asdetermined at the 5% significance level when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods forproducing a tomato seed comprising self-pollinating the tomato plantgrown from the deposited HM 12579 seed and harvesting the resultanttomato seed.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches the seed produced byany of the above described methods.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods ofvegetatively propagating the tomato plant grown from the deposited HM12579 seed, said method comprising collecting a part of a plant grownfrom the deposited HM 12579 seed and regenerating a plant from saidpart.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises harvesting fruitsand/or seeds from said vegetatively propagated plant. In someembodiments, the method further comprises harvesting a fruit from saidvegetatively propagated plant.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches the plant and thefruits and/or seeds of plants vegetatively propagated from parts ofplants grown from the deposited HM 12579 seed. In some embodiments, suchplant, fruits and/or seeds have all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of plant, fruits and/or seeds of hybridtomato HM 12579 (e.g. those listed in Table 1 and/or deposited underNCIMB No. ______) when grown in the same environmental conditions.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods of producinga tomato plant derived from the hybrid tomato HM 12579. In someembodiment, the methods comprise (a) self-pollinating the plant grownfrom the deposited HM 12579 seed at least once to produce a progenyplant derived from tomato hybrid HM 12579. In some embodiments, themethod further comprises (b) crossing the progeny plant derived fromtomato hybrid HM 12579 with itself or a second tomato plant to produce aseed of a progeny plant of a subsequent generation; and; (c) growing theprogeny plant of the subsequent generation from the seed, and (d)crossing the progeny plant of the subsequent generation with itself or asecond tomato plant to produce a tomato plant derived from the hybridtomato variety HM 12579. In some embodiments said methods furthercomprise the step of: (e) repeating steps (b), (c) and/or (d) for atleast 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or more generation to produce a tomato plantderived from the hybrid tomato variety HM 12579.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods of producinga tomato plant derived from the hybrid tomato HM 12579, the methodscomprising (a) crossing the plant grown from the deposited HM 12579 seedwith a second tomato plant to produce a progeny plant derived fromhybrid tomato HM 12579. In some embodiments, the method furthercomprises; (b) crossing the progeny plant derived from hybrid tomato HM12579 with itself or a second tomato plant to produce a seed of aprogeny plant of a subsequent generation; and; (c) growing the progenyplant of the subsequent generation from the seed; (d) crossing theprogeny plant of the subsequent generation with itself or a secondtomato plant to produce a tomato plant derived from the hybrid tomatovariety HM 12579. In some embodiments said methods further comprise thesteps of: (e) repeating steps (b), (c) and/or (d) for at least 1, 2, 3,4, 5, 6, 7 or more generations to produce a tomato plant derived fromthe hybrid tomato variety HM 12579.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches plants grown fromthe deposited HM 12579 seed wherein said plants comprise a single locusconversion. As used herein, the term “a” or “an” refers to one or moreof that entity; for example, “a single locus conversion” refers to oneor more single locus conversions or at least one single locusconversion. As such, the terms “a” (or “an”), “one or more” and “atleast one” are used interchangeably herein. In addition, reference to“an element” by the indefinite article “a” or “an” does not exclude thepossibility that more than one of the elements are present, unless thecontext clearly requires that there is one and only one of the elements.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a method ofproducing a plant of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 comprising atleast one desired trait, the method comprising introducing a singlelocus conversion conferring the desired trait into hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579, whereby a plant of hybrid tomato designated HM12579 comprising the desired trait is produced.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches a tomato plant,comprising a single locus conversion and essentially all of thecharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 when grown underthe same environmental conditions, wherein a representative sample ofseed of said hybrid has been deposited under NCIMB No. ______. In otherembodiments, the single locus conversion is introduced into the plant bythe use of recurrent selection, mutation breeding, wherein said mutationbreeding selects for a mutation that is spontaneous or artificiallyinduced, backcrossing, pedigree breeding, haploid/double haploidproduction, marker-assisted selection, genetic transformation, genomicselection, oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, cisgenesis,intragenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, agro-infiltration, Zincfinger nuclease (ZFN), Transcription Activation-Like Effector Nuclease(TALENs), CRISPR/Cas system, engineered meganuclease, engineered homingendonuclease, and DNA guided genome editing.

In some embodiments, the plant comprises 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,or more single locus conversions. In some embodiments, the plantcomprises no more than 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 single locusconversions, but essentially all of the other physiological andmorphological characteristics of hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 depositedunder NCIMB No. ______. In some embodiments, the plant comprises atleast one single locus conversion and essentially all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomato plantHM 12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______. In other embodiments, theplant comprises one single locus conversion and essentially all of theother physiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomatoplant HM 12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______.

In some embodiments, said single locus conversion confers said plantswith a trait selected from the group consisting of male sterility, malefertility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance, resistance forbacterial, fungal, mycoplasma or viral disease, enhanced plant qualitysuch as improved drought or salt tolerance, water stress tolerance,improved standability, enhanced plant vigor, improved shelf life,delayed senescence or controlled ripening, increased nutritional qualitysuch as increased sugar content or increased sweetness, increasedtexture, improved flavor and aroma, improved fruit length and/or size,protection for color, fruit shape, uniformity, length or diameter,refinement or depth lodging resistance, improved yield and recovery whencompared to a suitable check/comparison plant. In further embodiments,the single locus conversion confers said plant with herbicideresistance.

In some embodiments, the check plant is a hybrid tomato HM 12579 nothaving said single locus conversion conferring the desired trait(s). Insome embodiments, the at least one single locus conversion is anaturally-occurring gene, a spontaneous or artificially mutated gene, ora gene and/or nucleotide sequence modified through the use of NewBreeding Techniques.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods of producinga tomato plant, comprising grafting a rootstock or a scion of the hybridtomato plant grown from the deposited HM 12579 seed to another tomatoplant. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods forproducing nucleic acids, comprising isolating nucleic acids from theplant grown from the deposited HM 12579 seed, or a part, or a cellthereof. In some embodiments, the present disclosure teaches methods forproducing a second tomato plant, comprising applying plant breedingtechniques to the plant grown from the deposited HM 12579 seed, or partthereof to produce the second tomato plant.

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a method ofproducing a commodity plant product comprising collecting the commodityplant product from the plant of the present disclosure. The commodityplant product produced by said method is also part of the presentdisclosure.

In addition to the exemplary aspects and embodiments described above,further aspects and embodiments will become apparent by study of thefollowing descriptions.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

The following description includes information that may be useful inunderstanding the present disclosure. It is not an admission that any ofthe information provided herein is prior art or relevant to the presentdisclosure, or that any publication specifically or implicitlyreferenced is prior art.

Definitions

In the description and tables that follow, a number of terms are used.In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of thespecification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms,the following definitions are provided:

Abscission zone: This is the zone of abscission or area of separation ofthe leaves, flowers, and fruits from the plant. For flower abscission,the resulting zone (or blossom scar) ranges in size, small beingpreferred over large—range small (<10 mm), medium (10-15 mm), large(15-20 mm), very large (>20 mm).

Adaptability: A plant that has adaptability is a plant able to grow wellin different growing conditions (climate, soils, etc.).

Allele: An allele is a variant form of a gene or locus.

Androecious plant: A plant having staminate flowers only.

Backcrossing: Backcrossing is a process in which a breeder repeatedlycrosses hybrid progeny back to one of the parents, for example, afirst-generation hybrid F₁ with one of the parental genotypes of the F₁hybrid.

Blotchy: Abnormal coloration characterized by the presence of greenareas on the surface of red ripe fruit and sub-surface brown areasassociated with the sub-epidermal cell layers. Variations in light,water and temperature as well as nutritional disorders can causeirregular maturity and blotchy color.

Blossom scar: This is the remnant scar from the stigmatic surface of theblossom. There is a very broad range in sizes, small is better. Range issmall (<10 mm), medium (10-20 mm), large (20-40 mm) and very large (>40mm).

Cavity: As used herein, cavity refers to the center of the tomato fruitcontaining seeds and maternal tissues. Cavity measurements are made on asingle fruit or recorded as an average of many fruit at harvest maturityand recorded in a convenient unit of measure.

Cavity ratings: 1=very poor (non-marketable), 3=poor (non-marketable),5=average (marketable) 7=very good (much better than industrystandards), 9=superior (further improvement not attainable). Cavityevaluations are done based on a combination of the cavity size and thedegree of open space in the cavity. Very poor would be open and verylarge; superior would be very small and closed.

Cavity to Diameter ratio: Cavity to Diameter ratio is a measure of thecavity size compared to the overall fruit size of a single fruit or theaverage of many fruit at harvest maturity and recorded in a convenientunit of measure.

Commodity plant product: A “commodity plant product” refers to anycomposition or product that is comprised of material derived from aplant, seed, plant cell, or plant part of the present disclosure.Commodity plant products may be sold to consumers and can be viable ornonviable. Nonviable commodity products include but are not limited tononviable seeds and grains; processed seeds, seed parts, and plantparts; dehydrated plant tissue, frozen plant tissue, and processed planttissue; seeds and plant parts processed for animal feed for terrestrialand/or aquatic animal consumption, oil, meal, flour, flakes, bran,fiber, paper, tea, coffee, silage, crushed of whole grain, and any otherfood for human or animal consumption; biomasses and fuel products; andraw material in industry.

Collection of seeds: In the context of the present disclosure acollection of seeds is a grouping of seeds mainly containing similarkind of seeds, for example hybrid seeds of the disclosure, but that mayalso contain, mixed together with this first kind of seeds, a second,different kind of seeds, of one of the inbred parent lines, for examplethe inbred line of the present disclosure. A commercial bag of hybridseeds of the disclosure and containing also the inbred parental lineseeds would be, for example such a collection of seeds.

Cracking: a physiological disorder characterized by the appearance ofrough corky surface cracks in the tomato fruit caused by sub-surfacecuticle cells bursting and russeting. Cracking is a commercial defectthat generally makes the fruit unmarketable.

Determinate tomatoes: Determinate tomatoes are tomato varieties thatcome to fruit all at once, then stop bearing. They are best suited forcommercial growing and mechanical harvesting since they can be harvestedall at once.

Decreased vigor: A plant having a decreased vigor in the presentdisclosure is a plant that, compared to other plants has a less vigorousappearance for vegetative and/or reproductive characteristics includingbut not limited to shorter plant height, smaller fruit size, fewer fruitor other characteristics.

Earliness: The earliness relates the number of fruits produced from 12to 15 days following the beginning of the harvest: the more fruitsproduced, the more earliness of the plant

Easy to pick fruit: A fruit that is easy to pick is a fruit that easilydetaches from the plant. Once grabbed and twisted, the fruit will breakbetween the peduncle and the stem. For fruits not easy to pick, thepeduncle breaks off the fruits. A fruit that is easy to pick is also afruit that is easily accessible for harvest. When plants have an openplant habit, the fruits are harvested more easily than when the plantshave closed habit.

Enhanced nutritional quality: The nutritional quality of the tomato ofthe present disclosure can be enhanced by the introduction of severaltraits comprising a higher endosperm sugar content, flesh texture, brix,aroma content and increased sweetness, increased lycopene content of thepeel, etc.

Essentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics:A plant having essentially all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics means a plant having all of the physiological andmorphological characteristics of a plant of the present disclosure,except for additional traits and/or mutations which do not materiallyaffect the plant of the present disclosure, or a desiredcharacteristic(s), which can be indirectly obtained from another plantpossessing at least one single locus conversion via a conventionalbreeding program (such as backcross breeding) or directly obtained byintroduction of at least one single locus conversion via New BreedingTechniques. In some embodiments, one of the non-limiting examples for aplant having (and/or comprising) essentially all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics shall be a plant having all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of a plant of thepresent disclosure other than desired, additionaltrait(s)/characteristic(s) conferred by a single locus conversionincluding, but not limited to, a converted or modified gene.

Extended harvest: An extended harvest is a plant that produces fruitsthroughout the harvest season.

Flesh color: In the context of the present disclosure, the flesh coloris the color of the tomato flesh.

Field holding ability: Field holding ability is the ability for fruitquality to maintain even after fruit is ripe.

Firm Fruit Exterior: Fruit Firmness subjectively tested under fieldconditions for resistance of fruit exterior against a given pressure.Range is soft, medium, firm and very firm and hard shell.

Grafting: Grafting is the operation by which a rootstock is grafted witha scion. The primary motive for grafting is to avoid damages bysoil-born pest and pathogens when genetic or chemical approaches fordisease management are not available. Grafting a susceptible scion ontoa resistant rootstock can provide a resistant cultivar without the needto breed the resistance into the cultivar. In addition, grafting mayenhance tolerance to abiotic stress, increase yield and result in moreefficient water and nutrient uses.

Good Seed Producer: A plant is a good seed producer when it producesnumerous seeds. For tomato, a good seed producing plant will produce anaverage of 20 grams of seeds during the harvest season.

Gynoecious plant: A plant having pistillate flowers only.

Immunity to disease(s) and or insect(s): A tomato plant which is notsubject to attack or infection by specific disease(s) and or insect(s)is considered immune.

Industrial usage: The industrial usage of the tomato of the presentdisclosure comprises the use of the tomato fruit for consumption,whether as fresh products or in canning, freezing or any otherindustries.

Intermediate resistance to disease(s), pest(s) and/or insect(s): Atomato plant that restricts the growth and development of specificdisease(s), pest(s) and/or insect(s), but may exhibit a greater range ofsymptoms or damage compared to a resistant plant. Intermediate resistantplants will usually show less severe symptoms or damage than susceptibleplant varieties when grown under similar environmental conditions and/orspecific disease(s), pest(s) and/or insect(s) pressure, but may haveheavy damage under heavy pressure. Intermediate resistant tomato plantsare not immune to the disease(s), pest(s) and/or insect(s).

Large plant: A large plant has long internodes with a plant height of 75cm and above. It depends on how the plant spreads out horizontally orvertically.

Monecious: The term used to describe a plant variety where each flowerexhibits only one sexual character (either male or female) and eachplant has flowers of both sexes.

Maturity: In the region of best adaptability, maturity is the number ofdays from transplanting to optimal time for fruit harvest.

New Breeding Techniques: New breeding techniques (NBTs) are said ofvarious new technologies developed and/or used to create newcharacteristics in plants through genetic variation, the aim beingtargeted mutagenesis, targeted introduction of new genes or genesilencing. The following breeding techniques are within the scope ofNBTs: targeted sequence changes facilitated through the use of Zincfinger nuclease (ZFN) technology (ZFN-1, ZFN-2 and ZFN-3, see U.S. Pat.No. 9,145,565, incorporated by reference in its entirety),Oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis (ODM, a.k.a., site-directedmutagenesis), Cisgenesis and intragenesis, epigenetic approaches such asRNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM, which does not necessarily changenucleotide sequence but can change the biological activity of thesequence), Grafting (on GM rootstock), Reverse breeding,Agro-infiltration for transient gene expression (agro-infiltration“sensu stricto”, agro-inoculation, floral dip), genome editing withendonucleases such as chemical nucleases, engineered meganucleases,engineered homing endonucleases, ZFNs, and Transcription Activator-LikeEffector Nucleases (TALENs, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,586,363 and 9,181,535,incorporated by reference in their entireties), the CRISPR/Cas system(using such as Cas9, Cas12a/Cpf1, Cas13/C2c2, CasX and CasY; also seeU.S. Pat. Nos. 8,697,359; 8,771,945; 8,795,965; 8,865,406; 8,871,445;8,889,356; 8,895,308; 8,906,616; 8,932,814; 8,945,839; 8,993,233; and8,999,641, which are all hereby incorporated by reference), DNA guidedgenome editing (Gao et al., Nature Biotechnology (2016), doi:10.1038/nbt.3547, incorporated by reference in its entirety), andSynthetic genomics. A major part of today's targeted genome editing,another designation for New Breeding Techniques, is the applications toinduce a DNA double strand break (DSB) at a selected location in thegenome where the modification is intended. Directed repair of the DSBallows for targeted genome editing. Such applications can be utilized togenerate mutations (e.g., targeted mutations or precise native geneediting) as well as precise insertion of genes (e.g., cisgenes,intragenes, or transgenes). The applications leading to mutations areoften identified as site-directed nuclease (SDN) technology, such asSDN1, SDN2 and SDN3. For SDN1, the outcome is a targeted, non-specificgenetic deletion mutation: the position of the DNA DSB is preciselyselected, but the DNA repair by the host cell is random and results insmall nucleotide deletions, additions or substitutions. For SDN2, a SDNis used to generate a targeted DSB and a DNA repair template (a shortDNA sequence identical to the targeted DSB DNA sequence except for oneor a few nucleotide changes) is used to repair the DSB: this results ina targeted and predetermined point mutation in the desired gene ofinterest. As to the SDN3, the SDN is used along with a DNA repairtemplate that contains new DNA sequence (e.g. gene). The outcome of thetechnology would be the integration of that DNA sequence into the plantgenome. The most likely application illustrating the use of SDN3 wouldbe the insertion of cisgenic, intragenic, or transgenic expressioncassettes at a selected genome location. A complete description of eachof these techniques can be found in the report made by the JointResearch Center (JRC) Institute for Prospective Technological Studies ofthe European Commission in 2011 and titled “New plant breedingtechniques—State-of-the-art and prospects for commercial development”,which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

Number of Boxes per Acre: The Number of Boxes per Acre—6's, 9's, 12's,15's, 18's or 23's refers to the number of fruit that fit into astandard tomato box.

Open Plant Habit: An open plant habit is a plant where the fruits arevisible without moving the leaves. A plant with closed habit will haveits fruit hidden by leaves that have a high density. An average openplant habit will be between the open and closed habit, and the plantwill have medium leaf density. Whether a plant has open habit or closedhabit is based on the whole of the plant. The more erect the plant, themore compact and therefore the closer the habit. In contrast, when theplant is lodging, sprawling on the ground, it leads to a less compactplant, therefore more “open”.

Overall Rating: A final or Overall Rating is assigned to varietyperformance or a varieties characteristic in test or trial situations ofa variety. Overall Rating can range from 1=very poor to 10 excellent.

Oval: Oval is used to describe fruit shape when the length is greaterthan the width and ranges from a slight oval, oval to heavy oval.

Plant adaptability: A plant having good plant adaptability means a plantthat will perform well in different growing conditions and seasons.

Plant cell: As used herein, the term “plant cell” includes plant cellswhether isolated, in tissue culture, or incorporated in a plant or plantpart.

Plant height: Plant height is taken from the top of the soil to the topof the plant leaf canopy and is measured in centimeters or inches.

Plant Part: As used herein, the term “plant part”, “part thereof” or“parts thereof” includes plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant celltissue cultures from which tomato plants can be regenerated, plantcalli, plant clumps and plant cells that are intact in plants or partsof plants, such as embryos, pollens, ovules, flowers, seeds, fruits,rootstocks, scions, stems, roots, anthers, pistils, root tips, leaves,meristematic cells, axillary buds, hypocotyls, cotyledons, ovaries, seedcoats, endosperms and the like. In some embodiments, the plant part atleast comprises at least one cell of said plant. In some embodiments,the plant part is further defined as a pollen, a meristem, a cell or anovule. In some embodiments, a plant regenerated from the plant part hasall of the phenotypic and morphological characteristics of a tomatohybrid of the present disclosure, including but not limited to asdetermined at the 5% significance level when grown in the sameenvironmental conditions.

Plant Habit: A plant can be an upright plant (also called erect)providing good coverage for the fruit or it can be open with a weakerhabit exposing the fruit

Predicted paste bostwick. The predicted paste bostwick is the calculatednumber with the brix and Bostwick reading using the following formula:Predicted paste bostwick=−11.53+(1.64*juice brix)+(0.5*juice bostwick).

Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL): Quantitative trait loci refer to geneticloci that control to some degree numerically representable traits thatare usually continuously distributed.

Regeneration: Regeneration refers to the development of a plant fromtissue culture.

Resistance to disease(s), pest(s) and/or insect(s): A tomato plant thatrestricts the growth and development of specific disease(s), pest(s)and/or insect(s) under normal disease(s) and or insect(s) attackpressure when compared to susceptible plants. These tomato plants canexhibit some symptoms or damage under heavy disease(s), pest(s) and/orinsect(s) pressure. Resistant tomato plants are not immune to thedisease(s), pest(s) and/or insect(s).

Rootstock: A rootstock is the lower part of a plant capable of receivinga scion in a grafting process.

RHS: RHS refers to the Royal Horticultural Society of England whichpublishes an official botanical color chart quantitatively identifyingcolors according to a defined numbering system.

The chart may be purchased from Royal Hort. Society Enterprise Ltd. RHSGarden; Wisley, Woking, Surrey GU236QB, UK.

Scion: A scion is the higher part of a plant capable of being graftedonto a rootstock in a grafting process.

Relative maturity or maturity: Maturity is considered the date of theonset of harvest and is classified as Very Early, Early, Mid Early,Intermediate and Late or specified by recording the date of the onset ofharvest. In the region of best adaptability, maturity is the number ofdays from transplanting to optimal time for fruit harvest. In thisregion, a mid-early maturity plant is a plant that is harvestedapproximately 80-90 days after transplanting. Very early maturity plantwould have less than 70 days from transplanting until harvest, while anearly maturity plant would have 70-80 days from transplanting toharvest. An intermediate maturity plant will have 90-100 days fromtransplanting until harvest, while a late maturity plant will have 100days until harvest.

Semi-erect habit: A semi-erect plant has a combination of lateral andupright branching and has an intermediate type habit between a prostateplant habit, having laterally growing branching with fruits most of thetime on the ground and an erect plant habit with branching goingstraight up with fruit being off the ground.

Shape: Refers to external fruit shape. Range is Flat Round, Round, roundoval, oval, elongate.

Single locus converted (conversion): Single locus converted (conversion)plants refer to plants which are developed by a plant breeding techniquecalled backcrossing, wherein essentially all of the desiredmorphological and physiological characteristics of a plant are recoveredin addition to a single locus transferred into the plant via thebackcrossing technique or via genetic engineering. A single locusconverted plant can also be referred to a plant with a single locusconversion obtained though simultaneous and/or artificially inducedmutagenesis or through the use of New Breeding Techniques described inthe present disclosure. In some embodiments, the single locus convertedplant has essentially all of the desired morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of the original variety in addition to a single locusconverted by spontaneous and/or artificially induced mutations, which isintroduced and/or transferred into the plant by the plant breedingtechniques such as backcrossing. In other embodiments, the single locusconverted plant has essentially all of the desired morphological andphysiological characteristics of the original variety in addition to asingle locus, gene or nucleotide sequence(s) converted, mutated,modified or engineered through the New Breeding Techniques taughtherein. In the present disclosure, single locus converted (conversion)can be interchangeably referred to single gene converted (conversion).

Soluble Solids: Soluble solids refer to the percent of solid materialfound in the fruit tissue, the vast majority of which are sugars.Soluble solids are estimated with a refractometer and measured asdegrees Brix. Soluble Solids vary with environment. For example, forCalifornia summer growing conditions the following range would apply.Very high (>12.5%), high (11.5-12.5%), medium (10.5-11.5%), low <10.5%).

Susceptible to disease(s) and or insect(s): A tomato plant that issusceptible to disease(s) and or insect(s) is defined as a tomato plantthat has the inability to restrict the growth and development ofspecific disease(s) and or insect(s). Plants that are susceptible willshow damage when infected and are more likely to have heavy damage undermoderate levels of specific disease(s) and or insect(s).

Tolerance to abiotic stresses: A tomato plant that is tolerant toabiotic stresses has the ability to endure abiotic stress withoutserious consequences for growth, appearance and yield.

Uniformity: Uniformity, as used herein, describes the similarity betweenplants or plant characteristics which can be a described by qualitativeor quantitative measurements.

Variety: A plant variety as used by one skilled in the art of plantbreeding means a plant grouping within a single botanical taxon of thelowest known rank which can be defined by the expression of thecharacteristics resulting from a given genotype or combination ofphenotypes, distinguished from any other plant grouping by theexpression of at least one of the said characteristics and considered asa unit with regard to its suitability for being propagated unchanged(International convention for the protection of new varieties ofplants). The term “variety” can be interchangeably used with “cultivar,”“line,” or “hybrid in the present application.

Yield (Tomato yield Tons/Acre): The yield in tons/acre is the actualyield of the tomato fruit at harvest.

Tomato Plants

Practically speaking, all cultivated forms of tomato belong to a speciesnow known as Solanum lycopersicum L. This was the originalclassification and is now considered correct and the former designation,Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, is widely used in older literature, butis no longer considered correct. Solanum is a genus within the extremelylarge and diverse family Solanaceae which is considered to consist ofaround 90 genera, including pepper, tobacco and eggplant. The genusLycopersicon has been divide into two subgenera, the esculentum complexwhich contains those species that can easily be crossed with thecommercial tomato and the peruvianum complex which contains thosespecies which are crossed with considerable difficulty (Stevens, M., andRick, C. M. 1986. Genetics and Breeding. In: The Tomato Crop. Ascientific basis for improvement, pp. 35-109. Atherton, J., Rudich, G.(eds.). Chapman and Hall, New York). Due to its value as a crop, L.esculentum Miller has become widely disseminated all over the world.Even if the precise origin of the cultivated tomato is still somewhatunclear, it seems to come from the Americas, being native to Ecuador,Peru and the Galapagos Island and initially cultivated by Aztecs andIncas as early as 700 AD. Mexico appears to have been the site ofdomestication and the source of the earliest introduction.

It is supposed that the cherry tomato, L. esculentum var. cerasiforme,is the direct ancestor of modern cultivated forms.

Tomato is grown for its fruit, widely used as a fresh market orprocessed product. As a crop, tomato is grown commercially whereverenvironmental conditions permit the production of an economically viableyield. In California, the first largest processing tomato market andsecond largest fresh market in the United States, processing tomato areharvested by machine. The majority of fresh market tomatoes areharvested by hand at vine ripe and mature green stage of ripeness. Freshmarket tomatoes are available in the United States year round.Processing tomato season in California is from late June to October.Processing tomato are used in many forms, as canned tomatoes, tomatojuice, tomato sauce, puree, paste or even catsup. Over the 500,000 acresof tomatoes that are grown annually in the US, approximately 40% aregrown for fresh market consumption, the balance are grown forprocessing.

Tomato is a normally simple diploid species with twelve pairs ofdifferentiated chromosomes. However, polyploid tomato is also part ofthe present disclosure. The cultivated tomato is self-fertile and almostexclusively self-pollinating. The tomato flowers are hermaphrodites.Commercial cultivars were initially open pollinated. Most have now beenreplaced by better yielding hybrids. Due to its wide dissemination andhigh value, tomato has been intensively bred. This explains why such awide array of tomato is now available. The shape may range from small tolarge, and there are cherry, plum, pear, blocky, round, and beefsteaktypes. Tomatoes may be grouped by the amount of time it takes for theplants to mature fruit for harvest and, in general, the cultivars areconsidered to be early, midseason or late-maturing. Tomatoes can also begrouped by the plant's growth habit; determinate or indeterminate.Determinate plants tend to grow their foliage first, then set flowersthat mature into fruit if pollination is successful. All of the fruitstend to ripen on a plant at about the same time. Indeterminate tomatoesstart out by growing some foliage, then continue to produce foliage andflowers throughout the growing season. These plants will tend to havetomato fruit in different stages of maturity at any given time. Morerecent developments in tomato breeding have led to a wider array offruit color. In addition to the standard red ripe color, tomatoes can becreamy white, lime green, pink, yellow, golden, orange or purple.

Hybrid vigor has been documented in tomatoes and hybrids are gainingmore and more popularity amongst farmers with uniformity of plantcharacteristics.

Hybrid commercial tomato seed is produced by hand pollination. Pollen ofthe male parent is harvested and manually applied to the stigmaticsurface of the female inbred. Prior to and after hand pollination,flowers are covered so that insects do not bring foreign pollen andcreate a mix or impurity. Flowers are tagged to identify pollinatedfruit from which seed will be harvested.

There are numerous steps in the development of any novel, desirableplant germplasm. Plant breeding begins with the analysis and definitionof problems and weaknesses of the current germplasm, the establishmentof program goals, and the definition of specific breeding objectives.The next step is selection of germplasm that possesses the traits tomeet the program goals. The goal is to combine in a single variety orhybrid an improved combination of desirable traits from the parentalgermplasm.

In tomato, these important traits may include increased fruit number,fruit size and fruit weight, higher seed yield, improved color,resistance to diseases, pests and insects, tolerance to drought andheat, better uniformity, higher nutritional value and better agronomicquality, growth rate, high seed germination, seedling vigor, early fruitmaturity, ease of fruit setting, adaptability for soil and climateconditions, firmness, content in soluble solids, acidity and viscosity.With mechanical harvesting of processing tomato, fruit settingconcentration, harvestability and field holding are also very important.

In some embodiments, particularly desirable traits that may beincorporated by this disclosure are improved resistance to differentviral, fungal, and bacterial pathogens and improved resistance to insectpests. Important diseases include but are not limited to Tomato yellowleaf curl virus, Tomato spot wilt virus, etc. Improved resistance toinsect pests is another desirable trait that may be incorporated intonew tomato plants developed by this disclosure. Insect pests affectingthe various species of tomato include, but not limited to arthropodpests such as Tuta absoluta, Frankliniella occidentalis, Bemisia tabaci,etc.

Other desirable traits include traits related to improved tomato fruits.A non-limiting list of fruit phenotypes used during breeding selectioninclude:

Average of juice bostwick: The juice Bostwick a measurement of theviscosity. The viscosity or consistency of tomato products is affectedby the degree of concentration of the tomato, the amount of and extentof degradation of pectin, the size, shape and quality of the pulp, andprobably to a lesser extent, by the proteins, sugars and other solubleconstituents. The viscosity is measured in Bostwick centimeters by usinginstruments such as a Bostwick Consistometer.

pH: The pH is a measure of acidity of the fruit puree. A pH under 4.5 isdesirable to prevent bacterial spoilage of finished products. pH risesas fruit matures.

Fruit color: Fruit color is measured as Hunters a/b ratio, where arepresents red/green, positive values are red, negative values are greenand 0 is neutral; b represents yellow/blue, where positive values areyellow, negative values are blue and 0 is neutral; a/b represents theintense of redness: large value represents deep red color, small valuerepresents light or yellowish red color.

Fruit Weight: The weight of a single fruit or the average of many fruitmeasured at harvest maturity and recorded in a convenient unit ofmeasure.

Ostwald: The Ostwald is a measurement of serum viscosity whereas themeasurement are taken using an Ostwald viscometer. The serum is thenon-solid portion of a tomato extract after centrifugation of the tomatopuree. The serum viscosity is affected by the quantity and quality ofsoluble pectin. Higher number reflect higher viscosity of the tomatoserum.

Fruit firmness: The fruit firmness is the resistance to penetration andis measured using a Digital Durometer Model DD-4-00 (Rex Gauge Company,Buffalo Grove, Ill., USA). Durometer readings are taken at 4 locations(each about 90 degrees apart) on the approximate mid-point of a tomato,with the tomato laying on its side. From a fruit sample collected at agiven location, the resistance to penetration is measured with thedurometer from 9 individual fruit at 4 locations per fruit (a total of36 independent measurements). The P5 value is calculated from thefollowing equation: D-39/10, where D is the value from the Durometer.

Tomato Breeding

The goal of tomato breeding is to develop new, unique and superiortomato inbred lines and hybrids. The breeder initially selects andcrosses two or more parental lines, followed by repeated selfing andselection, producing many new genetic combinations. Another method usedto develop new, unique and superior tomato inbred lines and hybridsoccurs when the breeder selects and crosses two or more parental linesfollowed by haploid induction and chromosome doubling that result in thedevelopment of dihaploid inbred lines. The breeder can theoreticallygenerate billions of different genetic combinations via crossing,selfing and mutations and the same is true for the utilization of thedihaploid breeding method.

During the development of new tomato inbreds and hybrids, the tomatobreeder uses tomato plants, but also non-commercial tomato plants, suchas plants that may contain characteristics that the breeder has interestin having in its tomato inbreds and hybrids. Such non-commercial tomatoplants could be wild relatives of tomato species.

Each year, the plant breeder selects the germplasm to advance to thenext generation. This germplasm is grown under unique and differentgeographical, climatic and soil conditions, and further selections arethen made, during and at the end of the growing season. The inbred linesdeveloped are unpredictable. This unpredictability is because thebreeder's selection occurs in unique environments, with no control atthe DNA level (using conventional breeding procedures or dihaploidbreeding procedures), and with millions of different possible geneticcombinations being generated. A breeder of ordinary skill in the artcannot predict the final resulting lines the breeder develops, exceptpossibly in a very gross and general fashion. This unpredictabilityresults in the expenditure of large research monies to develop superiornew tomato inbred lines and hybrids.

The development of commercial tomato hybrids requires the development ofhomozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines, and the evaluationof the hybrid crosses.

Pedigree breeding and recurrent selection breeding methods are used todevelop inbred lines from breeding populations. Breeding programscombine desirable traits from two or more inbred lines or variousbroad-based sources into breeding pools from which inbred lines aredeveloped by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes or through thedihaploid breeding method followed by the selection of desiredphenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and thehybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which havecommercial potential.

Choice of breeding or selection methods depends on the mode of plantreproduction, the heritability of the trait(s) being improved, and thetype of cultivar used commercially (e.g., F₁ hybrid cultivar, purelinecultivar, etc.). For highly heritable traits, a choice of superiorindividual plants evaluated at a single location will be effective,whereas for traits with low heritability, selection should be based onmean values obtained from replicated evaluations of families of relatedplants. Popular selection methods commonly include pedigree selection,modified pedigree selection, mass selection, recurrent selection, andbackcross breeding.

i. Pedigree Selection

Pedigree breeding is used commonly for the improvement ofself-pollinating crops or inbred lines of cross-pollinating crops. Twoparents possessing favorable, complementary traits are crossed toproduce an F₁. An F₂ population is produced by selfing one or severalF₁s or by intercrossing two F₁s (sib mating). The dihaploid breedingmethod could also be used. Selection of the best individuals is usuallybegun in the F₂ population; then, beginning in the F₃, the bestindividuals in the best families are selected. Replicated testing offamilies, or hybrid combinations involving individuals of thesefamilies, often follows in the F₄ generation to improve theeffectiveness of selection for traits with low heritability. At anadvanced stage of inbreeding (i.e., F₆ and F₇), the best lines ormixtures of phenotypically similar lines are tested for potential use asparents of new hybrid cultivars. Similarly, the development of newinbred lines through the dihaploid system requires the selection of thebest inbreds followed by two to five years of testing in hybridcombinations in replicated plots.

The single-seed descent procedure in the strict sense refers to plantinga segregating population, harvesting a sample of one seed per plant, andusing the one-seed sample to plant the next generation. When thepopulation has been advanced from the F2 to the desired level ofinbreeding, the plants from which lines are derived will each trace todifferent F2 individuals. The number of plants in a population declineseach generation due to failure of some seeds to germinate or some plantsto produce at least one seed. As a result, not all of the F2 plantsoriginally sampled in the population will be represented by a progenywhen generation advance is completed.

In a multiple-seed procedure, breeders commonly harvest one or morefruit containing seed from each plant in a population and blend themtogether to form a bulk seed lot. Part of the bulked seed is used toplant the next generation and part is put in reserve. The procedure hasbeen referred to as modified single-seed descent or the bulk technique.

The multiple-seed procedure has been used to save labor at harvest. Itis considerably faster than removing one seed from each fruit by handfor the single seed procedure. The multiple-seed procedure also makes itpossible to plant the same number of seeds of a population eachgeneration of inbreeding. Enough seeds are harvested to make up forthose plants that did not germinate or produce seed.

Descriptions of other breeding methods that are commonly used fordifferent traits and crops can be found in one of several referencebooks (e.g., R. W. Allard, 1960, Principles of Plant Breeding, JohnWiley and Son, pp. 115-161; N. W. Simmonds, 1979, Principles of CropImprovement, Longman Group Limited; W. R. Fehr, 1987, Principles of CropDevelopment, Macmillan Publishing Co.; N. F. Jensen, 1988, PlantBreeding Methodology, John Wiley & Sons).

ii. Backcross Breeding

Backcross breeding has been used to transfer genes for a simplyinherited, highly heritable trait into a desirable homozygous cultivaror inbred line which is the recurrent parent. The source of the trait tobe transferred is called the donor parent. The resulting plant isexpected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g., cultivar)and the desirable trait transferred from the donor parent. After theinitial cross, individuals possessing the phenotype of recurrent parentand the trait of interest from the donor parent are selected andrepeatedly crossed (backcrossed) to the recurrent parent. The resultingplant is expected to have the attributes of the recurrent parent (e.g.,cultivar) and the desirable trait transferred from the donor parent.

When the term hybrid tomato plant is used in the context of the presentdisclosure, this also includes any hybrid tomato plant where one or moredesired traits have been introduced through backcrossing methods,whether such trait is derived from a naturally occurring one, asimultaneously or artificially-induced mutations, a transgenic one or agene or a nucleotide sequence modified by the use of New BreedingTechniques. Backcrossing methods can be used with the present disclosureto improve or introduce one or more characteristic into the inbredparental line, thus potentially introducing these traits into the hybridtomato plant of the present disclosure. The term “backcrossing” as usedherein refers to the repeated crossing of a hybrid progeny back to therecurrent parent, i.e., backcrossing one, two, three, four, five, six,seven, eight, nine, or more times to the recurrent parent. The parentaltomato plant which contributes the gene or the genes for the desiredcharacteristic is termed the nonrecurrent or donor parent. Thisterminology refers to the fact that the nonrecurrent parent is used onetime in the backcross protocol and therefore does not recur. Theparental tomato plant to which the gene or genes from the nonrecurrentparent are transferred is known as the recurrent parent as it is usedfor several rounds in the backcrossing protocol.

In a typical backcross protocol, the original inbred of interest(recurrent parent) is crossed to or by a second inbred (nonrecurrentparent) that carries the gene or genes of interest to be transferred.The resulting progeny from this cross are then crossed again to or bythe recurrent parent and the process is repeated until a tomato plant isobtained wherein all of the desired morphological and physiologicalcharacteristics of the recurrent parent are recovered in the convertedplant, generally determined at a 5% significance level when grown in thesame environmental conditions, in addition to the gene or genestransferred from the nonrecurrent parent. It has to be noted that some,one, two, three or more, self-pollination and growing of populationmight be included between two successive backcrosses. Indeed, anappropriate selection in the population produced by theself-pollination, i.e. selection for the desired trait and physiologicaland morphological characteristics of the recurrent parent might beequivalent to one, two or even three additional backcrosses in acontinuous series without rigorous selection, saving then time, moneyand effort to the breeder. A non-limiting example of such a protocolwould be the following: a) the first generation F1 produced by the crossof the recurrent parent A by the donor parent B is backcrossed to parentA, b) selection is practiced for the plants having the desired trait ofparent B, c) selected plant are self-pollinated to produce a populationof plants where selection is practiced for the plants having the desiredtrait of parent B and physiological and morphological characteristics ofparent A, d) the selected plants are backcrossed one, two, three, four,five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more times to parent A to produceselected backcross progeny plants comprising the desired trait of parentB and the physiological and morphological characteristics of parent A.Step (c) may or may not be repeated and included between the backcrossesof step (d).

The selection of a suitable recurrent parent is an important step for asuccessful backcrossing procedure. The goal of a backcross protocol isto alter or substitute one or more trait(s) or characteristic(s) in theoriginal inbred parental line in order to find it then in the hybridmade thereof. To accomplish this, a gene or genes of the recurrentinbred is modified or substituted with the desired gene or genes fromthe nonrecurrent parent, while retaining essentially all of the rest ofthe desired genetic, and therefore the desired physiological andmorphological, constitution of the original inbred. The choice of theparticular nonrecurrent parent will depend on the purpose of thebackcross; one of the major purposes is to add some commerciallydesirable, agronomically important trait(s) to the plant. The exactbackcrossing protocol will depend on the characteristic(s) or trait(s)being altered to determine an appropriate testing protocol. Althoughbackcrossing methods are simplified when the characteristic beingtransferred is a single gene and dominant allele, multiple genes andrecessive allele(s) may also be transferred and therefore, backcrossbreeding is by no means restricted to character(s) governed by one or afew genes. In fact, the number of genes might be less important that theidentification of the character(s) in the segregating population. Inthis instance it may then be necessary to introduce a test of theprogeny to determine if the desired characteristic(s) has beensuccessfully transferred. Such tests encompass visual inspection, simplecrossing, but also follow up of the characteristic(s) throughgenetically associated markers and molecular assisted breeding tools.For example, selection of progeny containing the transferred trait isdone by direct selection, visual inspection for a trait associated witha dominant allele, while the selection of progeny for a trait that istransferred via a recessive allele, such as the orange fruit colorcharacteristic in tomato, requires selfing the progeny or usingmolecular markers to determine which plant carry the recessiveallele(s).

Many single gene traits have been identified that are not regularlyselected for in the development of a new parental inbred of a hybridtomato plant according to the disclosure but that can be improved bybackcrossing techniques. Single gene traits may or may not betransgenic. Examples of these traits include but are not limited to,male sterility (such as the ms1, ms2, ms3, ms4 or ms5 genes), herbicideresistance (such as bar or PAT genes), resistance for bacterial, fungal(genes Cf for resistance to Cladosporium fulvum) or viral disease (geneTy for resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV), genes Tm-1,Tm-2 and Tm2² for the resistance to the tomato mosaic tobamovirus(ToMV)), insect resistance (gene Mi for resistance to nematodes),increased brix by introduction of specific alleles such as the hir4allele from Lycopersicon hirsutum, high lycopene by using the dg mutantas described in U.S. Ser. No. 10/587,789, improved shelf life by usingmutants such as the rin (ripening inhibitor), nor (non-ripening) or cnr(colorless non ripening) alleles, increased firmness or slower softeningof the fruits due, for example in a mutation in an expansin gene,absence of gel (i.e. fruits having a cavity area which is solid andlacks a gel or liquid content male) by the use of the PSAF allele,fertility, enhanced nutritional quality, enhanced sugar content, yieldstability and yield enhancement. These genes are generally inheritedthrough the nucleus. Some known exceptions to this are the genes formale sterility, some of which are inherited cytoplasmically, but stillact as single gene traits. Several of these single gene traits aredescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,777,196; 5,948,957 and 5,969,212, thedisclosures of which are specifically hereby incorporated by reference.

In 1981, the backcross method of breeding counted for 17% of the totalbreeding effort for inbred line development in the United States,accordingly to, Hallauer, A. R. et al. (1988) “Corn Breeding” Corn andCorn Improvement, No. 18, pp. 463-481.

The backcross breeding method provides a precise way of improvingvarieties that excel in a large number of attributes but are deficientin a few characteristics. (Page 150 of the Pr. R. W. Allard's 1960 book,published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Principles of Plant Breeding). Themethod makes use of a series of backcrosses to the variety to beimproved during which the character or the characters in whichimprovement is sought is maintained by selection. At the end of thebackcrossing the gene or genes being transferred unlike all other genes,will be heterozygous. Selfing after the last backcross produceshomozygosity for this gene pair(s) and, coupled with selection, willresult in a parental line of a hybrid variety with exactly oressentially the same adaptation, yielding ability and qualitycharacteristics of the recurrent parent but superior to that parent inthe particular characteristic(s) for which the improvement program wasundertaken. Therefore, this method provides the plant breeder with ahigh degree of genetic control of this work.

The method is scientifically exact because the morphological andagricultural features of the improved variety could be described inadvance and because a similar variety could, if it were desired, be breda second time by retracing the same steps (Briggs, “Breeding wheatsresistant to bunt by the backcross method”, 1930 Jour. Amer. Soc.Agron., 22: 289-244).

Backcrossing is a powerful mechanism for achieving homozygosity and anypopulation obtained by backcrossing must rapidly converge on thegenotype of the recurrent parent. When backcrossing is made the basis ofa plant breeding program, the genotype of the recurrent parent will betheoretically modified only with regards to genes being transferred,which are maintained in the population by selection.

Successful backcrosses are, for example, the transfer of stem rustresistance from ‘Hope’ wheat to ‘Bart wheat’ and even pursuing thebackcrosses with the transfer of bunt resistance to create ‘Bart 38’,having both resistances. Also highlighted by Allard is the successfultransfer of mildew, leaf spot and wilt resistances in California Commonalfalfa to create ‘Caliverde’. This new ‘Caliverde’ variety producedthrough the backcross process is indistinguishable from CaliforniaCommon except for its resistance to the three named diseases.

One of the advantages of the backcross method is that the breedingprogram can be carried out in almost every environment that will allowthe development of the character being transferred or when usingmolecular markers that can identify the trait of interest.

The backcross technique is not only desirable when breeding for diseaseresistance but also for the adjustment of morphological characters,color characteristics and simply inherited quantitative characters suchas earliness, plant height and seed size and shape.

iii. Open-Pollinated Populations

The improvement of open-pollinated populations of such crops as rye,maize and sugar beets, herbage grasses, legumes such as alfalfa andclover, and tropical tree crops such as cacao, coconuts, oil palm andsome rubber, depends essentially upon changing gene-frequencies towardsfixation of favorable alleles while maintaining a high (but far frommaximal) degree of heterozygosity.

Uniformity in such populations is impossible and trueness-to-type in anopen-pollinated variety is a statistical feature of the population as awhole, not a characteristic of individual plants. Thus, theheterogeneity of open-pollinated populations contrasts with thehomogeneity (or virtually so) of inbred lines, clones and hybrids.

Population improvement methods fall naturally into two groups, thosebased on purely phenotypic selection, normally called mass selection,and those based on selection with progeny testing. Interpopulationimprovement utilizes the concept of open breeding populations; allowinggenes to flow from one population to another. Plants in one population(cultivar, strain, ecotype, or any germplasm source) are crossed eithernaturally (e.g., by wind) or by hand or by bees (commonly Apis melliferaL. or Megachile rotundata F.) with plants from other populations.Selection is applied to improve one (or sometimes both) population(s) byisolating plants with desirable traits from both sources.

There are basically two primary methods of open-pollinated populationimprovement.

First, there is the situation in which a population is changed en masseby a chosen selection procedure. The outcome is an improved populationthat is indefinitely propagable by random-mating within itself inisolation.

Second, the synthetic variety attains the same end result as populationimprovement, but is not itself propagable as such; it has to bereconstructed from parental lines or clones. These plant breedingprocedures for improving open-pollinated populations are well known tothose skilled in the art and comprehensive reviews of breedingprocedures routinely used for improving cross-pollinated plants areprovided in numerous texts and articles, including: Allard, Principlesof Plant Breeding, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (1960); Simmonds, Principlesof Crop Improvement, Longman Group Limited (1979); Hallauer and Miranda,Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, Iowa State University Press(1981); and, Jensen, Plant Breeding Methodology, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.(1988).

A) Mass Selection

Mass and recurrent selections can be used to improve populations ofeither self- or cross-pollinating crops. A genetically variablepopulation of heterozygous individuals is either identified or createdby intercrossing several different parents. The best plants are selectedbased on individual superiority, outstanding progeny, or excellentcombining ability. The selected plants are intercrossed to produce a newpopulation in which further cycles of selection are continued. In massselection, desirable individual plants are chosen, harvested, and theseed composited without progeny testing to produce the followinggeneration. Since selection is based on the maternal parent only, andthere is no control over pollination, mass selection amounts to a formof random mating with selection. As stated above, the purpose of massselection is to increase the proportion of superior genotypes in thepopulation.

B) Synthetics

A synthetic variety is produced by intercrossing a number of genotypesselected for good combining ability in all possible hybrid combinations,with subsequent maintenance of the variety by open pollination. Whetherparents are (more or less inbred) seed-propagated lines, as in somesugar beet and beans (Vicia) or clones, as in herbage grasses, cloversand alfalfa, makes no difference in principle. Parents are selected ongeneral combining ability, sometimes by test crosses or topcrosses, moregenerally by polycrosses. Parental seed lines may be deliberately inbred(e.g. by selfing or sib crossing). However, even if the parents are notdeliberately inbred, selection within lines during line maintenance willensure that some inbreeding occurs. Clonal parents will, of course,remain unchanged and highly heterozygous.

Whether a synthetic can go straight from the parental seed productionplot to the farmer or must first undergo one or more cycles ofmultiplication depends on seed production and the scale of demand forseed. In practice, grasses and clovers are generally multiplied once ortwice and are thus considerably removed from the original synthetic.

While mass selection is sometimes used, progeny testing is generallypreferred for polycrosses, because of their operational simplicity andobvious relevance to the objective, namely exploitation of generalcombining ability in a synthetic.

The number of parental lines or clones that enters a synthetic varieswidely. In practice, numbers of parental lines range from 10 to severalhundred, with 100-200 being the average. Broad based synthetics formedfrom 100 or more clones would be expected to be more stable during seedmultiplication than narrow based synthetics.

iv. Hybrids

A hybrid is an individual plant resulting from a cross between parentsof differing genotypes. Commercial hybrids are now used extensively inmany crops, including corn (maize), sorghum, sugarbeet, sunflower,broccoli and tomato as well as leafy vegetables such as lettuce. Hybridscan be formed in a number of different ways, including by crossing twoparents directly (single cross hybrids), by crossing a single crosshybrid with another parent (three-way or triple cross hybrids), or bycrossing two different hybrids (four-way or double cross hybrids).

Strictly speaking, most individuals in an out breeding (i.e.,open-pollinated) population are hybrids, but the term is usuallyreserved for cases in which the parents are individuals whose genomesare sufficiently distinct for them to be recognized as different speciesor subspecies. Hybrids may be fertile or sterile depending onqualitative and/or quantitative differences in the genomes of the twoparents. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, is usually associated withincreased heterozygosity that results in increased vigor of growth,survival, and fertility of hybrids as compared with the parental linesthat were used to form the hybrid. Maximum heterosis is usually achievedby crossing two genetically different, highly inbred lines.

Hybrid commercial tomato seed can be produced by controlled handpollination. The male flowers from the male plants are harvested andused to pollinate the stigmatic surface of the female flowers on thefemale plants. Prior to, and after hand pollination, flowers are coveredso that insects do not bring foreign pollen and create a mix orimpurity. Flowers are tagged to identify pollinated fruit from whichseed will be harvested.

Once the inbreds that give the best hybrid performance have beenidentified, the hybrid seed can be reproduced indefinitely as long asthe homogeneity of the inbred parent is maintained. A single-crosshybrid is produced when two inbred lines are crossed to produce the F1progeny. A double-cross hybrid is produced from four inbred linescrossed in pairs (A×B and C×D) and then the two F1 hybrids are crossedagain (A×B)×(C×D). Much of the hybrid vigor and uniformity exhibited byF1 hybrids is lost in the next generation (F2). Consequently, seed fromF2 hybrid varieties is not used for planting stock.

The production of hybrids is a well-developed industry, involving theisolated production of both the parental lines and the hybrids whichresult from crossing those lines. For a detailed discussion of thehybrid production process, see, e.g., Wright, Commercial Hybrid SeedProduction 8:161-176, In Hybridization of Crop Plants.

v. Bulk Segregation Analysis (BSA)

BSA, a.k.a. bulked segregation analysis, or bulk segregant analysis, isa method described by Michelmore et al. (Michelmore et al., 1991,Identification of markers linked to disease-resistance genes by bulkedsegregant analysis: a rapid method to detect markers in specific genomicregions by using segregating populations. Proceedings of the NationalAcademy of Sciences, USA, 99:9828-9832) and Quarrie et al. (Quarrie etal., 1999, Journal of Experimental Botany, 50(337): 1299-1306).

For BSA of a trait of interest, parental lines with certain differentphenotypes are chosen and crossed to generate F2, doubled haploid orrecombinant inbred populations with QTL analysis. The population is thenphenotyped to identify individual plants or lines having high or lowexpression of the trait. Two DNA bulks are prepared, one from theindividuals having one phenotype (e.g., resistant to virus), and theother from the individuals having reversed phenotype (e.g., susceptibleto virus), and analyzed for allele frequency with molecular markers.Only a few individuals are required in each bulk (e.g., 10 plants each)if the markers are dominant (e.g., RAPDs). More individuals are neededwhen markers are co-dominant (e.g., RFLPs, SNPs or SSRs). Markers linkedto the phenotype can be identified and used for breeding or QTL mapping.

vi. Hand-Pollination Method

Hand pollination describes the crossing of plants via the deliberatefertilization of female ovules with pollen from a desired male parentplant. In some embodiments the donor or recipient female parent and thedonor or recipient male parent line are planted in the same field. Insome embodiments, the donor or recipient female parent line and thedonor or recipient male parent line are planted in the same greenhouse.The inbred male parent can be planted earlier than the female parent toensure adequate pollen supply at the pollination time. In someembodiments, the male parent and female parent can be planted at a ratioof 1 male parent to 4-10 female parents. The male parent may be plantedat the top of the field for efficient male flower collection duringpollination. Pollination is started when the female parent flower isready to be fertilized. Female flower buds that are ready to open in thefollowing days are identified, covered with paper cups or small paperbags that prevent bee or any other insect from visiting the femaleflowers, and marked with any kind of material that can be easily seenthe next morning. In some embodiments, this process is best done in theafternoon. The male flowers of the male parent are collected in theearly morning before they are open and visited by pollinating insects.The covered female flowers of the female parent, which have opened, areun-covered and pollinated with the collected fresh male flowers of themale parent, starting as soon as the male flower sheds pollen. Thepollinated female flowers are again covered after pollination to preventbees and any other insects visit. The pollinated female flowers are alsomarked. The marked fruits are harvested. In some embodiments, the malepollen used for fertilization has been previously collected and stored.

vii. Bee-Pollination Method

Using the bee-pollination method, the parent plants are usually plantedwithin close proximity. In some embodiments more female plants areplanted to allow for a greater production of seed. Breeding of dioeciousspecies can also be done by growing equal amount of each parent plant.Insects are placed in the field or greenhouses for transfer of pollenfrom the male parent to the female flowers of the female parent. In someembodiments, fruits set after the introduction of the beehives can bemarked for later collection.

viii. Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING)

Breeding schemes of the present application can include crosses withTILLING® plant lines. TILLING® is a method in molecular biology thatallows directed identification of mutations in a specific gene. TILLING®was introduced in 2000, using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana.TILLING® has since been used as a reverse genetics method in otherorganisms such as zebrafish, corn, wheat, rice, soybean, tomato andlettuce.

The method combines a standard and efficient technique of mutagenesiswith a chemical mutagen (e.g., Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)) with asensitive DNA screening-technique that identifies single base mutations(also called point mutations) in a target gene. EcoTILLING is a methodthat uses TILLING® techniques to look for natural mutations inindividuals, usually for population genetics analysis (see Comai, etal., 2003 The Plant Journal 37, 778-786; Gilchrist et al. 2006 Mol.Ecol. 15, 1367-1378; Mejlhede et al. 2006 Plant Breeding 125, 461-467;Nieto et al. 2007 BMC Plant Biology 7, 34-42, each of which isincorporated by reference hereby for all purposes). DEcoTILLING is amodification of TILLING® and EcoTILLING which uses an inexpensive methodto identify fragments (Garvin et al., 2007, DEco-TILLING: An inexpensivemethod for SNP discovery that reduces ascertainment bias. MolecularEcology Notes 7, 735-746).

The TILLING® method relies on the formation of heteroduplexes that areformed when multiple alleles (which could be from a heterozygote or apool of multiple homozygotes and heterozygotes) are amplified in a PCR,heated, and then slowly cooled. As DNA bases are not pairing at themismatch of the two DNA strands (the induced mutation in TILLING® or thenatural mutation or SNP in EcoTILLING), they provoke a shape change inthe double strand DNA fragment which is then cleaved by single strandednucleases. The products are then separated by size on several differentplatforms.

Several TILLING® centers exists over the world that focus onagriculturally important species: UC Davis (USA), focusing on Rice;Purdue University (USA), focusing on Maize; University of BritishColumbia (CA), focusing on Brassica napus; John Innes Centre (UK),focusing on Brassica rapa; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research, focusing onArabidopsis; Southern Illinois University (USA), focusing on Soybean;John Innes Centre (UK), focusing on Lotus and Medicago; and INRA(France), focusing on Pea and Tomato.

More detailed description on methods and compositions on TILLING® can befound in U.S. Pat. No. 5,994,075, US 2004/0053236 A1, WO 2005/055704,and WO 2005/048692, each of which is hereby incorporated by referencefor all purposes.

Thus, in some embodiments, the breeding methods of the presentdisclosure include breeding with one or more TILLING plant lines withone or more identified mutations.

ix. Mutation Breeding

Mutation breeding is another method of introducing new variation andsubsequent traits into tomato plants. Mutations that occur spontaneouslyor are artificially induced can be useful sources of variability for aplant breeder. The goal of artificial mutagenesis is to increase therate of mutation for a desired characteristic. Mutation rates can beincreased by many different means or mutating agents includingtemperature, long-term seed storage, tissue culture conditions,radiation (such as X-rays, Gamma rays, neutrons, Beta radiation, orultraviolet radiation), chemical mutagens (such as base analogs like5-bromo-uracil), antibiotics, alkylating agents (such as sulfurmustards, nitrogen mustards, epoxides, ethyleneamines, sulfates,sulfonates, sulfones, or lactones), azide, hydroxylamine, nitrous acidor acridines. Once a desired trait is observed through mutagenesis thetrait may then be incorporated into existing germplasm by traditionalbreeding techniques. Details of mutation breeding can be found in W. R.Fehr, 1993, Principles of Cultivar Development, Macmillan Publishing Co.

New breeding techniques such as the ones involving the uses ofengineered nucleases to enhance the efficacy and precision of geneediting in combination with oligonucleotides including, but not limitedto Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFN), TAL effector nucleases (TALENs),chemical nucleases, meganucleases, homing nucleases and clusteredregularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associatedendonuclease Cas (CRISPR-Cas) system (using such as Cas9, Cas12a/Cpf1,Cas13/C2c2, CasX and CasY) shall also be used to generate geneticvariability and introduce new traits into tomato varieties.

x. Double Haploids and Chromosome Doubling

One way to obtain homozygous plants without the need to cross twoparental lines followed by a long selection of the segregating progeny,and/or multiple backcrossing is to produce haploids and then double thechromosomes to form doubled haploids. Haploid plants can occurspontaneously, or may be artificially induced via chemical treatments orby crossing plants with inducer lines (Seymour et al. 2012, PNAS vol.109, pg. 4227-4232; Zhang et al., 2008 Plant Cell Rep. December 27(12)1851-60). The production of haploid progeny can occur via a variety ofmechanisms which can affect the distribution of chromosomes duringgamete formation. The chromosome complements of haploids sometimesdouble spontaneously to produce homozygous doubled haploids (DHs).Mixoploids, which are plants which contain cells having differentploidies, can sometimes arise and may represent plants that areundergoing chromosome doubling so as to spontaneously produce doubledhaploid tissues, organs, shoots, floral parts or plants. Another commontechnique is to induce the formation of double haploid plants with achromosome doubling treatment such as colchicine (El-Hennawy et al.,2011 Vol 56, issue 2 pg. 63-72; Doubled Haploid Production in CropPlants 2003 edited by Maluszynski ISBN 1-4020-1544-5). The production ofdoubled haploid plants yields highly uniform inbred lines and isespecially desirable as an alternative to sexual inbreeding oflonger-generation crops. By producing doubled haploid progeny, thenumber of possible gene combinations for inherited traits is moremanageable. Thus, an efficient doubled haploid technology cansignificantly reduce the time and the cost of inbred and cultivardevelopment.

xi. Protoplast Fusion

In another method for breeding plants, protoplast fusion can also beused for the transfer of trait-conferring genomic material from a donorplant to a recipient plant. Protoplast fusion is an induced orspontaneous union, such as a somatic hybridization, between two or moreprotoplasts (cells of which the cell walls are removed by enzymatictreatment) to produce a single bi- or multi-nucleate cell. The fusedcell that may even be obtained with plant species that cannot beinterbred in nature is tissue cultured into a hybrid plant exhibitingthe desirable combination of traits.

xii. Embryo Rescue

Alternatively, embryo rescue may be employed in the transfer ofresistance-conferring genomic material from a donor plant to a recipientplant. Embryo rescue can be used as a procedure to isolate embryos fromcrosses to rapidly move to the next generation of backcrossing orselfing or wherein plants fail to produce viable seed. In this process,the fertilized ovary or immature seed of a plant is tissue cultured tocreate new plants (see Pierik, 1999, In Vitro Culture of Higher Plants,Springer, ISBN 079235267X, 978-0792352679, which is incorporated hereinby reference in its entirety).

Grafting

Grafting is a process that has been used for many years in crops such ascucurbitacea, but only more recently for some commercial watermelon andtomato production. Grafting may be used to provide a certain level ofresistance to telluric pathogens such as Phytophthora or to certainnematodes. Grafting is therefore intended to prevent contact between theplant or variety to be cultivated and the infested soil. The variety ofinterest used as the graft or scion, optionally an F1 hybrid, is graftedonto the resistant plant used as the rootstock. The resistant rootstockremains healthy and provides, from the soils, the normal supply for thegraft that it isolates from the diseases. In some recent developments,it has also been shown that some rootstocks are also able to improve theagronomic value for the grafted plant and in particular the equilibriumbetween the vegetative and generative development that are alwaysdifficult to balance in tomato cultivation.

Breeding Evaluation

Each breeding program can include a periodic, objective evaluation ofthe efficiency of the breeding procedure. Evaluation criteria varydepending on the goal and objectives, but should include gain fromselection per year based on comparisons to an appropriate standard,overall value of the advanced breeding lines, and number of successfulcultivars produced per unit of input (e.g., per year, per dollarexpended, etc.).

Promising advanced breeding lines are thoroughly tested per se and inhybrid combination and compared to appropriate standards in environmentsrepresentative of the commercial target area(s). The best lines arecandidates for use as parents in new commercial cultivars; those stilldeficient in a few traits may be used as parents to produce newpopulations for further selection or in a backcross program to improvethe parent lines for a specific trait.

In some embodiments, the plants are selected on the basis of one or morephenotypic traits. Skilled persons will readily appreciate that suchtraits include any observable characteristic of the plant, including forexample growth rate, vigor, plant health, maturity, branching, plantheight, leaf coverage, weight, total yield, color, taste, sugar levels,aroma, changes in the production of one or more compounds by the plant(including for example, metabolites, proteins, drugs, carbohydrates,oils, and any other compounds).

A most difficult task is the identification of individuals that aregenetically superior, because for most traits the true genotypic valueis masked by other confounding plant traits or environmental factors.One method of identifying a superior plant is to observe its performancerelative to other experimental plants and to a widely grown standardcultivar. If a single observation is inconclusive, replicatedobservations provide a better estimate of its genetic worth.

Proper testing should detect any major faults and establish the level ofsuperiority or improvement over current cultivars. In addition toshowing superior performance, there must be a demand for a new cultivarthat is compatible with industry standards or which creates a newmarket. The introduction of a new cultivar will incur additional coststo the seed producer, the grower, processor and consumer for specialadvertising and marketing, altered seed and commercial productionpractices, and new product utilization. The testing preceding release ofa new cultivar should take into consideration research and developmentcosts as well as technical superiority of the final cultivar. Forseed-propagated cultivars, it must be feasible to produce seed easilyand economically.

It should be appreciated that in certain embodiments, plants may beselected based on the absence, suppression or inhibition of a certainfeature or trait (such as an undesirable feature or trait) as opposed tothe presence of a certain feature or trait (such as a desirable featureor trait).

Selecting plants based on genotypic information is also envisaged (forexample, including the pattern of plant gene expression, genotype, orpresence of genetic markers). Where the presence of one or more geneticmarker is assessed, the one or more marker may already be known and/orassociated with a particular characteristic of a plant; for example, amarker or markers may be associated with an increased growth rate ormetabolite profile. This information could be used in combination withassessment based on other characteristics in a method of the disclosureto select for a combination of different plant characteristics that maybe desirable. Such techniques may be used to identify novel quantitativetrait loci (QTLs). By way of example, plants may be selected based ongrowth rate, size (including but not limited to weight, height, leafsize, stem size, branching pattern, or the size of any part of theplant), general health, survival, tolerance to adverse physicalenvironments and/or any other characteristic, as described hereinbefore.

Further non-limiting examples include selecting plants based on: speedof seed germination; quantity of biomass produced; increased root,and/or leaf/shoot growth that leads to an increased yield (fruit) orbiomass production; effects on plant growth that results in an increasedseed yield for a crop; effects on plant growth which result in anincreased yield; effects on plant growth that lead to an increasedresistance or tolerance to disease including fungal, viral or bacterialdiseases, to mycoplasma, or to pests such as insects, mites or nematodesin which damage is measured by decreased foliar symptoms such as theincidence of bacterial or fungal lesions, or area of damaged foliage orreduction in the numbers of nematode cysts or galls on plant roots, orimprovements in plant yield in the presence of such plant pests anddiseases; effects on plant growth that lead to increased metaboliteyields; effects on plant growth that lead to improved aesthetic appealwhich may be particularly important in plants grown for their form,color or taste, for example the color intensity of tomato exocarp (skin)of said fruit.

Molecular Breeding Evaluation Techniques

Selection of plants based on phenotypic or genotypic information may beperformed using techniques such as, but not limited to: high through-putscreening of chemical components of plant origin, sequencing techniquesincluding high through-put sequencing of genetic material, differentialdisplay techniques (including DDRT-PCR, and DD-PCR), nucleic acidmicroarray techniques, RNA-seq (Whole Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing),qRTPCR (quantitative real time PCR).

In one embodiment, the evaluating step of a plant breeding programinvolves the identification of desirable traits in progeny plants.Progeny plants can be grown in, or exposed to conditions designed toemphasize a particular trait (e.g. drought conditions for droughttolerance, lower temperatures for freezing tolerant traits). Progenyplants with the highest scores for a particular trait may be used forsubsequent breeding steps.

In some embodiments, plants selected from the evaluation step canexhibit a 1%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%,65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, 120% or more improvement in aparticular plant trait compared to a control plant.

In other embodiments, the evaluating step of plant breeding comprisesone or more molecular biological tests for genes or other markers. Forexample, the molecular biological test can involve probe hybridizationand/or amplification of nucleic acid (e.g., measuring nucleic aciddensity by Northern or Southern hybridization, PCR) and/or immunologicaldetection (e.g., measuring protein density, such as precipitation andagglutination tests, ELISA (e.g., Lateral Flow test or DAS-ELISA),Western blot, Radioimmune Assay (MA), immune labeling, immunosorbentelectron microscopy (ISEM), and/or dot blot).

The procedure to perform a nucleic acid hybridization, an amplificationof nucleic acid (e.g., PCR, RT-PCR) or an immunological detection (e.g.,precipitation and agglutination tests, ELISA (e.g., Lateral Flow test orDAS-ELISA), Western blot, RIA, immunogold or immunofluorescent labeling,immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), and/or dot blot tests) areperformed as described elsewhere herein and well-known by one skilled inthe art.

In one embodiment, the evaluating step comprises PCR (semi-quantitativeor quantitative), wherein primers are used to amplify one or morenucleic acid sequences of a desirable gene, or a nucleic acid associatedwith said gene, or a desirable trait (e.g., a co-segregating nucleicacid, or other marker).

In another embodiment, the evaluating step comprises immunologicaldetection (e.g., precipitation and agglutination tests, ELISA (e.g.,Lateral Flow test or DAS-ELISA), Western blot, RIA, immuno labeling(gold, fluorescent, or other detectable marker), immunosorbent electronmicroscopy (ISEM), and/or dot blot), wherein one or more gene ormarker-specific antibodies are used to detect one or more desirableproteins. In one embodiment, said specific antibody is selected from thegroup consisting of polyclonal antibodies, monoclonal antibodies,antibody fragments, and combination thereof.

Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) can be utilizedin the present disclosure to determine expression of a gene to assistduring the selection step of a breeding scheme. It is a variant ofpolymerase chain reaction (PCR), a laboratory technique commonly used inmolecular biology to generate many copies of a DNA sequence, a processtermed “amplification”. In RT-PCR, however, RNA strand is first reversetranscribed into its DNA complement (complementary DNA, or cDNA) usingthe enzyme reverse transcriptase, and the resulting cDNA is amplifiedusing traditional or real-time PCR. An exemplary PCR scheme is presentedbelow.

RT-PCR utilizes a pair of primers, which are complementary to a definedsequence on each of the two strands of the cDNA. These primers are thenextended by a DNA polymerase and a copy of the strand is made after eachcycle, leading to logarithmic amplification.

RT-PCR includes three major steps. The first step is the reversetranscription (RT) where RNA is reverse transcribed to cDNA using areverse transcriptase and primers. This step is very important in orderto allow the performance of PCR since DNA polymerase can act only on DNAtemplates. The RT step can be performed either in the same tube with PCR(one-step PCR) or in a separate one (two-step PCR) using a temperaturebetween 40° C. and 60° C., depending on the properties of the reversetranscriptase used.

The next step involves the denaturation of the dsDNA at 95° C., so thatthe two strands separate and the primers can bind again at lowertemperatures and begin a new chain reaction. Then, the temperature isdecreased until it reaches the annealing temperature which can varydepending on the set of primers used, their concentration, the probe andits concentration (if used), and the cations concentration. The mainconsideration, of course, when choosing the optimal annealingtemperature is the melting temperature (Tm) of the primers and probes(if used). The annealing temperature chosen for a PCR depends directlyon length and composition of the primers. This is the result of thedifference of hydrogen bonds between A-T (2 bonds) and G-C (3 bonds). Anannealing temperature about 5 degrees below the lowest Tm of the pair ofprimers is usually used.

The final step of PCR amplification is the DNA extension from theprimers which is done by the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase usually at72° C., which is the optimal temperature for the polymerase to work. Thelength of the incubation at each temperature, the temperaturealterations and the number of cycles are controlled by a programmablethermal cycler. The analysis of the PCR products depends on the type ofPCR applied. If a conventional PCR is used, the PCR product is detectedusing for example agarose gel electrophoresis or other polymer gel likepolyacrylamide gels and ethidium bromide (or other nucleic acidstaining).

Conventional RT-PCR is a time-consuming technique with importantlimitations when compared to real time PCR techniques. This combinedwith the fact that ethidium bromide has low sensitivity, yields resultsthat are not always reliable. Moreover, there is an increasedcross-contamination risk of the samples since detection of the PCRproduct requires the post-amplification processing of the samples.Furthermore, the specificity of the assay is mainly determined by theprimers, which can give false-positive results. However, the mostimportant issue concerning conventional RT-PCR is the fact that it is asemi or even a low quantitative technique, where the amplicon can bevisualized only after the amplification ends.

Real time RT-PCR provides a method where the amplicons can be visualizedas the amplification progresses using a fluorescent reporter molecule.There are three major kinds of fluorescent reporters used in real timeRT-PCR, general nonspecific DNA Binding Dyes such as SYBR Green I,TaqMan Probes and Molecular Beacons (including Scorpions).

For example, the real time PCR thermal cycler has a fluorescencedetection threshold, below which it cannot discriminate the differencebetween amplification generated signal and background noise. On theother hand, the fluorescence increases as the amplification progressesand the instrument performs data acquisition during the annealing stepof each cycle. The number of amplicons will reach the detection baselineafter a specific cycle, which depends on the initial concentration ofthe target DNA sequence. The cycle at which the instrument candiscriminate the amplification generated fluorescence from thebackground noise is called the threshold cycle (Ct). The higher is theinitial DNA concentration, the lower its Ct will be.

Other forms of nucleic acid detection can include next generationsequencing methods such as DNA SEQ or RNA SEQ using any known sequencingplatform including, but not limited to: Roche 454, Solexa GenomeAnalyzer, AB SOLiD, Illumina GA/HiSeq, Ion PGM, Mi Seq, among others(Liu et al., 2012 Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology Volume 2012ID 251364; Franca et al., 2002 Quarterly Reviews of Biophysics 35 pg.169-200; Mardis 2008 Genomics and Human Genetics vol. 9 pg. 387-402).

In other embodiments, nucleic acids may be detected with other highthroughput hybridization technologies including microarrays, gene chips,LNA probes, nanoStrings, and fluorescence polarization detection amongothers.

In some embodiments, detection of markers can be achieved at an earlystage of plant growth by harvesting a small tissue sample (e.g., branch,or leaf disk). This approach is preferable when working with largepopulations as it allows breeders to weed out undesirable progeny at anearly stage and conserve growth space and resources for progeny whichshow more promise. In some embodiments the detection of markers isautomated, such that the detection and storage of marker data is handledby a machine. Recent advances in robotics have also led to full serviceanalysis tools capable of handling nucleic acid/protein markerextractions, detection, storage and analysis.

Quantitative Trait Loci

Breeding schemes of the present application can include crosses betweendonor and recipient plants. In some embodiments, said donor plantscontain a gene or genes of interest which may confer the plant with adesirable phenotype. The recipient line can be an elite line havingcertain favorable traits for commercial production. In one embodiment,the elite line may contain other genes that also impart said line withthe desired phenotype. When crossed together, the donor and recipientplant may create a progeny plant with combined desirable loci which mayprovide quantitatively additive effect of a particular characteristic.In that case, QTL mapping can be involved to facilitate the breedingprocess.

A QTL (quantitative trait locus) mapping can be applied to determine theparts of the donor plant's genome conferring the desirable phenotype,and facilitate the breeding methods. Inheritance of quantitative traitsor polygenic inheritance refers to the inheritance of a phenotypiccharacteristic that varies in degree and can be attributed to theinteractions between two or more genes and their environment. Though notnecessarily genes themselves, quantitative trait loci (QTLs) arestretches of DNA that are closely linked to the genes that underlie thetrait in question. QTLs can be molecularly identified to help mapregions of the genome that contain genes involved in specifying aquantitative trait. This can be an early step in identifying andsequencing these genes.

Typically, QTLs underlie continuous traits (those traits that varycontinuously, e.g. yield, height, level of resistance to virus, etc.) asopposed to discrete traits (traits that have two or several charactervalues, e.g. smooth vs. wrinkled peas used by Mendel in hisexperiments). Moreover, a single phenotypic trait is usually determinedby many genes. Consequently, many QTLs are associated with a singletrait.

A quantitative trait locus (QTL) is a region of DNA that is associatedwith a particular phenotypic trait. Knowing the number of QTLs thatexplains variation in the phenotypic trait tells about the geneticarchitecture of a trait. It may tell that a trait is controlled by manygenes of small effect, or by a few genes of large effect or by a severalgenes of small effect and few genes of larger effect.

Another use of QTLs is to identify candidate genes underlying a trait.Once a region of DNA is identified as contributing to a phenotype, itcan be sequenced. The DNA sequence of any genes in this region can thenbe compared to a database of DNA for genes whose function is alreadyknown.

In a recent development, classical QTL analyses are combined with geneexpression profiling i.e. by DNA microarrays. Such expression QTLs(e-QTLs) describes cis- and trans-controlling elements for theexpression of often disease-associated genes. Observed epistatic effectshave been found beneficial to identify the gene responsible by across-validation of genes within the interacting loci with metabolicpathway and scientific literature databases.

QTL mapping is the statistical study of the alleles that occur in alocus and the phenotypes (physical forms or traits) that they produce(see, Meksem and Kahl, The handbook of plant genome mapping: genetic andphysical mapping, 2005, Wiley-VCH, ISBN 3527311165, 9783527311163).Because most traits of interest are governed by more than one gene,defining and studying the entire locus of genes related to a trait giveshope of understanding what effect the genotype of an individual mighthave in the real world.

Statistical analysis is required to demonstrate that different genesinteract with one another and to determine whether they produce asignificant effect on the phenotype. QTLs identify a particular regionof the genome as containing one or several genes, i.e. a cluster ofgenes that is associated with the trait being assayed or measured. Theyare shown as intervals across a chromosome, where the probability ofassociation is plotted for each marker used in the mapping experiment.

To begin, a set of genetic markers must be developed for the species inquestion. A marker is an identifiable region of variable DNA. Biologistsare interested in understanding the genetic basis of phenotypes(physical traits). The aim is to find a marker that is significantlymore likely to co-occur with the trait than expected by chance, that is,a marker that has a statistical association with the trait. Ideally,they would be able to find the specific gene or genes in question, butthis is a long and difficult undertaking. Instead, they can more readilyfind regions of DNA that are very close to the genes in question. When aQTL is found, it is often not the actual gene underlying the phenotypictrait, but rather a region of DNA that is closely linked with the gene.

For organisms whose genomes are known, one might now try to excludegenes in the identified region whose function is known with somecertainty not to be connected with the trait in question. If the genomeis not available, it may be an option to sequence the identified regionand determine the putative functions of genes by their similarity togenes with known function, usually in other genomes. This can be doneusing BLAST, an online tool that allows users to enter a primarysequence and search for similar sequences within the BLAST database ofgenes from various organisms.

Another interest of statistical geneticists using QTL mapping is todetermine the complexity of the genetic architecture underlying aphenotypic trait. For example, they may be interested in knowing whethera phenotype is shaped by many independent loci, or by a few loci, andhow those loci interact. This can provide information on how thephenotype may be evolving.

Molecular markers are used for the visualization of differences innucleic acid sequences. This visualization is possible due to DNA-DNAhybridization techniques (RFLP) and/or due to techniques using thepolymerase chain reaction (e.g. STS, SNPs, microsatellites, AFLP). Alldifferences between two parental genotypes will segregate in a mappingpopulation based on the cross of these parental genotypes. Thesegregation of the different markers may be compared and recombinationfrequencies can be calculated. The recombination frequencies ofmolecular markers on different chromosomes are generally 50%. Betweenmolecular markers located on the same chromosome the recombinationfrequency depends on the distance between the markers. A lowrecombination frequency usually corresponds to a low distance betweenmarkers on a chromosome. Comparing all recombination frequencies willresult in the most logical order of the molecular markers on thechromosomes. This most logical order can be depicted in a linkage map(Paterson, 1996, Genome Mapping in Plants. R. G. Landes, Austin.). Agroup of adjacent or contiguous markers on the linkage map that isassociated to a reduced disease incidence and/or a reduced lesion growthrate pinpoints the position of a QTL.

The nucleic acid sequence of a QTL may be determined by methods known tothe skilled person. For instance, a nucleic acid sequence comprisingsaid QTL or a resistance-conferring part thereof may be isolated from adonor plant by fragmenting the genome of said plant and selecting thosefragments harboring one or more markers indicative of said QTL.Subsequently, or alternatively, the marker sequences (or parts thereof)indicative of said QTL may be used as (PCR) amplification primers, inorder to amplify a nucleic acid sequence comprising said QTL from agenomic nucleic acid sample or a genome fragment obtained from saidplant. The amplified sequence may then be purified in order to obtainthe isolated QTL. The nucleotide sequence of the QTL, and/or of anyadditional markers comprised therein, may then be obtained by standardsequencing methods.

One or more such QTLs associated with a desirable trait in a donor plantcan be transferred to a recipient plant to incorporate the desirabletrait(s) into progeny plants by transferring and/or breeding methods.

In one embodiment, an advanced backcross QTL analysis (AB-QTL) is usedto discover the nucleotide sequence or the QTLs responsible for theresistance of a plant. Such method was proposed by Tanksley and Nelsonin 1996 (Tanksley and Nelson, 1996, Advanced backcross QTL analysis: amethod for simultaneous discovery and transfer of valuable QTL fromun-adapted germplasm into elite breeding lines. Theor Appl Genet92:191-203) as a new breeding method that integrates the process of QTLdiscovery with variety development, by simultaneously identifying andtransferring useful QTL alleles from un-adapted (e.g., land races, wildspecies) to elite germplasm, thus broadening the genetic diversityavailable for breeding. AB-QTL strategy was initially developed andtested in tomato, and has been adapted for use in other crops includingrice, maize, wheat, pepper, barley, and bean. Once favorable QTL allelesare detected, only a few additional marker-assisted generations arerequired to generate near isogenic lines (NILs) or introgression lines(ILs) that can be field tested in order to confirm the QTL effect andsubsequently used for variety development.

Isogenic lines in which favorable QTL alleles have been fixed can begenerated by systematic backcrossing and introgressing of marker-defineddonor segments in the recurrent parent background. These isogenic linesare referred to as near isogenic lines (NILs), introgression lines(ILs), backcross inbred lines (BILs), backcross recombinant inbred lines(BCRIL), recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs), chromosomesegment substitution lines (CSSLs), and stepped aligned inbredrecombinant strains (STAIRSs). An introgression line in plant molecularbiology is a line of a crop species that contains genetic materialderived from a similar species. ILs represent NILs with relatively largeaverage introgression length, while BILs and BCRILs are backcrosspopulations generally containing multiple donor introgressions per line.As used herein, the term “introgression lines or ILs” refers to plantlines containing a single marker defined homozygous donor segment, andthe term “pre-ILs” refers to lines which still contain multiplehomozygous and/or heterozygous donor segments.

To enhance the rate of progress of introgression breeding, a geneticinfrastructure of exotic libraries can be developed. Such an exoticlibrary comprises a set of introgression lines, each of which has asingle, possibly homozygous, marker-defined chromosomal segment thatoriginates from a donor exotic parent, in an otherwise homogenous elitegenetic background, so that the entire donor genome would be representedin a set of introgression lines. A collection of such introgressionlines is referred as libraries of introgression lines or IL libraries(ILLs). The lines of an ILL cover usually the complete genome of thedonor, or the part of interest. Introgression lines allow the study ofquantitative trait loci, but also the creation of new varieties byintroducing exotic traits. High resolution mapping of QTL using ILLsenable breeders to assess whether the effect on the phenotype is due toa single QTL or to several tightly linked QTL affecting the same trait.In addition, sub-ILs can be developed to discover molecular markerswhich are more tightly linked to the QTL of interest, which can be usedfor marker-assisted breeding (MAB). Multiple introgression lines can bedeveloped when the introgression of a single QTL is not sufficient toresult in a substantial improvement in agriculturally important traits(Gur and Zamir, Unused natural variation can lift yield barriers inplant breeding, 2004, PLoS Biol.; 2(10):e245).

Plant Transformation

In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides transformed tomatoplants or parts thereof that have been transformed so that its geneticmaterial contains one or more transgenes, preferably operably linked toone or more regulatory elements. Also, the disclosure provides methodsfor producing a tomato plant containing in its genetic material one ormore transgenes, preferably operably linked to one or more regulatoryelements, by crossing transformed tomato plants with a second plant ofanother tomato, so that the genetic material of the progeny that resultsfrom the cross contains the transgene(s), preferably operably linked toone or more regulatory elements. The disclosure also provides methodsfor producing a tomato plant that contains in its genetic material oneor more transgene(s), wherein the method comprises crossing a tomatowith a second plant of another tomato which contains one or moretransgene(s) operably linked to one or more regulatory element(s) sothat the genetic material of the progeny that results from the crosscontains the transgene(s) operably linked to one or more regulatoryelement(s). Transgenic tomato plants, or parts thereof produced by themethod are in the scope of the present disclosure.

With the advent of molecular biological techniques that have allowed theisolation and characterization of genes that encode specific proteinproducts, scientists in the field of plant biology developed a stronginterest in engineering the genome of plants to contain and expressforeign genes, or additional, or modified versions of native, orendogenous, genes (perhaps driven by different promoters) in order toalter the traits of a plant in a specific manner. Such foreignadditional and/or modified genes are referred to herein collectively as“transgenes.” Over the last fifteen to twenty years several methods forproducing transgenic plants have been developed, and the presentdisclosure, in particular embodiments, also relates to transformedversions of the claimed tomato hybrid plant.

Numerous methods for plant transformation have been developed, includingbiological and physical, plant transformation protocols. See, forexample, Miki et al., “Procedures for Introducing Foreign DNA intoPlants” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, GlickB. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993) pages67-88. In addition, expression vectors and in vitro culture methods forplant cell or tissue transformation and regeneration of plants areavailable. See, for example, Gruber et al., “Vectors for PlantTransformation” in Methods in Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology,Glick B. R. and Thompson, J. E. Eds. (CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, 1993)pages 89-119.

Many useful traits that can be introduced by backcrossing, as well asdirectly into a plant, are those which are introduced by genetictransformation techniques. Genetic transformation may therefore be usedto insert a selected transgene into a plant of the disclosure or may,alternatively, be used for the preparation of transgenes which can beintroduced by backcrossing. Methods for the transformation of plantsthat are well known to those of skill in the art and applicable to manycrop species include, but are not limited to, electroporation,microprojectile bombardment, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation anddirect DNA uptake by protoplasts. Tomato plants of the presentdisclosure, such as ‘HM 12579’ can be further modified by introducingone or more transgenes which when expressed lead to desired phenotypes.

Tissue Culture

As it is well known in the art, tissue culture of tomato can be used forthe in vitro regeneration of tomato plants. Tissues cultures of varioustissues of tomato and regeneration of plants therefrom are well knownand published. By way of example, a tissue culture comprising organs hasbeen used to produce regenerated plants as described in Girish-Chandelet al., Advances in Plant Sciences. 2000, 13: 1, 11-17, Costa et al.,Plant Cell Report. 2000, 19: 3327-332, Plastira et al., ActaHorticulturae. 1997, 447, 231-234, Zagorska et al., Plant Cell Report.1998, 17: 12 968-973, Asahura et al., Breeding Science. 1995, 45:455-459, Chen et al., Breeding Science. 1994, 44: 3, 257-262, Patil etal., Plant and Tissue and Organ Culture. 1994, 36: 2, 255-258. It isclear from the literature that the state of the art is such that thesemethods of obtaining plants are routinely used and have a very high rateof success. Thus, another aspect of this disclosure is to provide cellswhich upon growth and differentiation produce tomato plants having allof the physiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomatoplant HM 12579.

As used herein, the term “tissue culture” indicates a compositioncomprising isolated cells of the same or a different type or acollection of such cells organized into parts of a plant. Exemplarytypes of tissue cultures are protoplasts, calli, plant clumps, and plantcells that can generate tissue culture that are intact in plants orparts of plants, such as embryos, pollens, flowers, seeds, leaves,stems, roots, root tips, anthers, pistils, meristematic cells, axillarybuds, ovaries, seed coats, endosperms, hypocotyls, cotyledons and thelike. Means for preparing and maintaining plant tissue culture are wellknown in the art. By way of example, a tissue culture comprising organshas been used to produce regenerated plants. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,959,185,5,973,234, and 5,977,445 describe certain techniques, the disclosures ofwhich are incorporated herein by reference.

EXAMPLES Example 1—Development of New HM 12579 Tomato Variety

Breeding History of HM 12579

Hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 has superior characteristics. The female(TOM3972PL) and male (TOM3717PL) parents were crossed to produce hybrid(F1) seeds of HM 12579. The seeds of HM 12579 can be grown to producehybrid plants and parts thereof. The hybrid HM 12579 can be propagatedby seeds produced from crossing tomato inbred line TOM3972PL with tomatoinbred line TOM3717PL or vegetatively.

The origin and breeding history of hybrid plant HM 12579 can besummarized as follows: the line TOM3972PL was used as the female plantand crossed by pollen from the line TOM3717PL (both proprietary linesowned by HM.CLAUSE, Inc.). The first trial planting of this hybrid wasdone in Davis, Calif., United States in the summer of the first year ofdevelopment. The hybrid was further trialed for two additional years, anexample of such trial being disclosed in Tables 2 and 3.

The inbred line TOM3972PL is a parent with a medium vine, producesmedium sized fruits, with round shape. This inbred line was used asfemale parent in this cross.

The inbred TOM3717PL is a parent with medium to small vine and largefruit, with large fruits and round shape. It was used as the male parentin this cross.

Hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 is similar to hybrid tomato HM 1794, acommercial variety. As shown in Tables 2 and 3, while similar to hybridtomato HM 1794, there are significant differences including the yield ofextra-large fruits (XL) and extra-large plus large (XL+L), which arehigher for HM 12579. Another important difference between both hybridsis that HM 12579 is resistant to Fusarium wilt cause by Fusariumoxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) race 3, and hybrid HM 1794 issusceptible.

Some of the criteria used to select the hybrid HM 12579 as well as theirinbred parent lines in various generations include: fruit cover, fruituniformity, fruit size, fruit firmness, fruit shape, and diseaseresistances. Additionally, fruit yield data was used to select thehybrid.

Hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 has shown uniformity and stability for thetraits, within the limits of environmental influence for the traits asdescribed in the following Variety Descriptive Information. No varianttraits have been observed or are expected for important agronomicaltraits in tomato hybrid HM 12579.

Hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 has the following morphologic and othercharacteristics, as compared to HM 1794 (based primarily on datacollected in Davis, Calif., USA, all experiments done under the directsupervision of the applicant).

TABLE 1 Trait Scale HM 12579 HM 1794 Plant 1 Seed-propagated varietiesonly: absent, present present present Seedling: Anthocyanin colorationof hypocotyl 2 Plant: Growth type determinate, indeterminate determinatedeterminate 3 Only determinate varieties: Plant: few, medium, manymedium medium Number of inflorescence on main stem 4 Stem: anthocyanincoloration absent or very weak, absent or absent or weak, medium,strong, very weak very weak very strong 5 Only indeterminate varieties:short, medium, long — — Stem: Length of internode 6 Only indeterminatevarieties: very short, short, — — Plant: Height medium, long, very longLeaf 7 Leaf: Attitude erect, semi-erect, semi-erect semi-erecthorizontal, semi- drooping, drooping 8 Leaf: Length short, medium, longmedium long 9 Leaf: Width narrow, medium, broad medium medium 10 Leaf:Type of blade pinnate, bipinnate bipinnate bipinnate 11 Leaf: Size ofleaflets very small, small, large large medium, large, very large 12Leaf: Intensity of green color light, medium, dark dark dark 13 Leaf:Glossiness weak, medium, strong medium medium 14 Leaf: Blistering weak,medium, strong weak medium 15 Leaf: Attitude of petiole of semi-erect,semi-erect horizontal leaflet in relation to main axis horizontal, semi-drooping Inflorescence 16 Inflorescence: Type mainly uniparous, mainlymainly equally uniparous multiparous multiparous and multiparous, mainlymultiparous 17 Flower: Color yellow, orange yellow yellow 18 Flower:Pubescence of style absent, present absent absent Fruit 19 Peduncle:abscission layer absent, present present present 20 Only varieties withpeduncle short, medium, long medium medium abscission layer: Pedicellength 21 Fruit: Green shoulder (before absent, present absent absentmaturity) 22 Fruit: Extent of green shoulder very small, small, — —(before maturity) medium, large 23 Fruit: Intensity of green color oflight, medium, dark — — shoulder (before maturity) 24 Fruit: Intensityof green color very light, light, light light excluding shoulder (beforemedium, dark, very maturity) dark 25 Fruit: Green stripes (beforeabsent, present absent absent maturity) 26 Fruit: Size very small,small, medium medium medium, large, very large 27 Fruit: Ratiolength/diameter very compressed, medium medium moderately compressed,medium, moderately elongated, very elongated 28 Fruit: Shape inlongitudinal flattened, oblate, circular circular section circular,oblong, cylindric, elliptic, cordate, ovate, obovate, pyriform,obcordate 29 Fruit: Ribbing at peduncle end absent or very weak, weakWeak weak, medium, strong, very strong 30 Fruit: Depression at peduncleend absent or very weak, medium medium weak, medium, strong 31 Fruit:Size of peduncle scar very small, small, large large medium, large, verylarge 32 Fruit: Size of blossom scar very small, small, small smallmedium, large, very large 33 Fruit: Shape at blossom end indented,indented to flat to flat to flat, flat, flat to pointed pointed pointed,pointed 34 Fruit: Diameter of core in cross very small, small, verylarge very large section in relation to total medium, large, verydiameter large 35 Fruit: Thickness of pericarp very thin, thin, thinthin medium, thick, very thick 36 Fruit: Number of locules only two; twoand more than four, five, three; three and six or six four; four, five,or six; more than six 37 Fruit: Color at maturity cream, yellow, red redorange, pink, red, brown, green 38 Fruit: Color of flesh cream, yellow,red red (at maturity) orange, pink, red, brown, green 39 Fruit:Glossiness of skin weak, medium, strong medium medium 40 Fruit: Color ofepidermis colorless, yellow yellow yellow 41 Fruit: Firmness very soft,soft, very firm firm medium, firm, very firm 42 Fruit: Shelf-life veryshort, short, medium long medium, long, very long Additional traits 43Time of flowering early, medium, late medium medium 44 Time of maturityvery early, early, medium medium medium, late, very late 45 Sensitivityto silvering insensitive, insensitive insensitive sensitive DiseaseResistance 46 Resistance to Meloidogyne susceptible, moderatelymoderately incognita (Mi) moderately resistant, resistant resistanthighly resistant 47 Resistance to Verticillium sp. absent, presentpresent present (Va and Vd) - Race 0 48.1 Resistance to Fusariumoxysporum absent, present present present f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) -Race 0 (ex 1) 48.2 Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum absent, presentpresent present f. sp. lycopersici (Fol) - Race 1 (ex 2) 48.3 Resistanceto Fusarium oxysporum absent, present present absent f. sp. lycopersici(Fol) - Race 2 (ex 3) 49 Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum absent,present absent absent f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Fori) 50.1 Resistanceto Fulvia fulva (Ff) absent, present absent absent (ex Cladosporiumfulvum) - Race 0 50.2 Resistance to Fulvia fulva (Ff) absent, presentabsent absent (ex Cladosporium fulvum) - Group A 50.3 Resistance toFulvia fulva (Ff) absent, present absent absent (ex Cladosporiumfulvum) - Group B 50.4 Resistance to Fulvia fulva (Ff) absent, presentabsent absent (ex Cladosporium fulvum) - Group C 50.5 Resistance toFulvia fulva (Ff) absent, present absent absent (ex Cladosporiumfulvum) - Group D 50.6 Resistance to Fulvia fulva (Ff) absent, presentabsent absent (ex Cladosporium fulvum) - Group E 51.1 Resistance toTomato mosaic virus absent, present absent absent (ToMV) - Strain 0 51.2Resistance to Tomato mosaic virus absent, present absent absent (ToMV) -Strain 1 51.3 Resistance to Tomato mosaic virus absent, present absentabsent (ToMV) - Strain 2 52 Resistance to Phytophthora absent, presentabsent absent infestans (Pi) 53 Resistance to Pyrenochaeta absent,present absent absent lycopersici (Pl) 54 Resistance to Stemphylium spp.absent, present resistant absent (Ss) 55 Resistance to Pseudomonasabsent, present absent absent syringae pv. tomato (Pst) 56 Resistance toRalstonia absent, present absent absent solanacearum (Rs) - Race 1 57Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf absent, present absent absent curlvirus (TYLCV) 58 Resistance to Tomato spotted wilt absent, presentpresent present virus (TSWV) - Race 0 59 Resistance to Leveillulataurica absent, present absent absent (Lt) 60 Resistance to Oidiumabsent, present absent absent neolycopersici (On) (ex Oidiumlycopersicum (Ol)) 61 Resistance to Tomato torrado absent, presentabsent absent virus (ToTV)

Example 2—Comparison of New HM 12579 Tomato with Check Variety

In the tables that follow (Tables 2 and 3) the traits andcharacteristics of hybrid tomato plant HM 12579 are given compared toanother hybrid. the variety HM 1794. The data was collected arepresented for key characteristics and traits. Hybrid tomato HM 12579 wastested during multiple growing periods over three years from severalfield locations, with two or more replications per location. Informationabout the hybrid, as compared to a check hybrid is presented (basedprimarily on data collected in California). All experiments were doneunder the direct supervision of the applicant).

TABLE 2 Horticultural and yield performance of HM 12579 compared tocommercial check HM 1794 in Merced, CA. Trial planted on May 11, Year 3and evaluated on Aug. 14, Year 3 HYBRID STM CV UNI BE W XL W XL + L AFXL + L HM 12579 6.50 5.50 6.00 5.50 3.20 8.65 151.75 HM 1794 6.00 5.506.00 5.50 3.10 7.00 184.21 STM = stem scar, CV = fruit cover, UNI =fruit uniformity, BE = blossom end scar, W XL = total weight (Kg) ofextra-large fruits, W XL + L = total weight (Kg) of extra-large andlarge fruits, AF XL + L = average fruit weight (grams) of extra-largeand large fruits. Extra large and large fruits were determined accordingto the USDA standard. Traits STM, CV, UNI, and BE were quantified usinga 1 to 9 scale, with 1 being the worse and 9 being the best.

TABLE 3 Horticultural and yield performance of HM 12579 compared tocommercial check HM 1794 in Davis, CA. Trial planted on Apr. 1, Year 3and evaluated on Jun. 24, Year 3 HYBRID STM CV UNI BE W XL W XL + L AFXL + L HM 12579 5.50 5.50 5.50 5.00 2.30 4.75 175.92 HM 1794 6.00 6.506.00 5.50 1.80 3.25 162.50 STM = stem scar, CV = fruit cover, UNI =fruit uniformity, BE = blossom end scar, W XL = total weight (Kg) ofextra-large fruits, W XL + L = total weight (Kg) of extra-large andlarge fruits, AF XL + L = average fruit weight (grams) of extra-largeand large fruits. Extra-large and large fruits were determined accordingto the USDA standard. Traits STM, CV, UNI, and BE were quantified usinga 1 to 9 scale, with 1 being the worse and 9 being the best.

The foregoing examples of the related art and limitations relatedtherewith are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Otherlimitations of the related art will become apparent to those of skill inthe art upon a reading of the specification.

DEPOSIT INFORMATION

A deposit of the tomato seed of this disclosure is maintained byHM.CLAUSE, Inc. Davis Research Station, 9241 Mace Boulevard, Davis,Calif. 95618. In addition, a sample of the hybrid tomato seed of thisdisclosure has been deposited with the National Collections ofIndustrial, Food and Marine Bacteria (NCIMB), NCIMB Ltd. FergusonBuilding, Craibstone Estate, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, AB21 9YA Scotland.

To satisfy the enablement requirements of 35 U.S.C. 112, and to certifythat the deposit of the isolated strain of the present disclosure meetsthe criteria set forth in 37 CFR 1.801-1.809, Applicants hereby make thefollowing statements regarding the deposited hybrid tomato HM 12579(deposited as NCIMB Accession No. ______).

1. During the pendency of this application, access to the disclosurewill be afforded to the Commissioner upon request;

2. All restrictions on availability to the public will be irrevocablyremoved upon granting of the patent under conditions specified in 37 CFR1.808;

3. The deposit will be maintained in a public repository for a period of30 years or 5 years after the last request or for the effective life ofthe patent, whichever is longer;

4. A test of the viability of the biological material at the time ofdeposit will be conducted by the public depository under 37 CFR 1.807;and

5. The deposit will be replaced if it should ever become unavailable.

Access to this deposit will be available during the pendency of thisapplication to persons determined by the Commissioner of Patents andTrademarks to be entitled thereto under 37 C.F.R. § 1.14 and 35 U.S.C. §122. Upon allowance of any claims in this application, all restrictionson the availability to the public of the variety will be irrevocablyremoved by affording access to a deposit of at least 2,500 seeds of thesame variety with the NCIMB.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications,and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference intheir entireties for all purposes.

However, mention of any reference, article, publication, patent, patentpublication, and patent application cited herein is not, and should notbe taken as an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that theyconstitute valid prior art or form part of the common general knowledgein any country in the world.

What is claimed is:
 1. A seed of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579,wherein a representative sample of seed of said hybrid has beendeposited under NCIMB No. ______.
 2. A tomato plant, a part thereof, ora cell thereof, wherein the tomato plant produced by growing the seed ofclaim 1 has all of the physiological and morphological characteristicsof hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______.3. The tomato plant, the part thereof, or the cell thereof of claim 2,wherein the part is selected from the group consisting of a leaf, aflower, a fruit, a stalk, a root, a rootstock, a scion, a seed, anembryo, a peduncle, a stamen, an anther, a pistil, a pollen, an ovule, ameristem, and a cell.
 4. A tissue culture of regenerable cells producedfrom the tomato plant or the part thereof of claim 2, wherein a tomatoplant regenerated from the tissue culture has all of the physiologicaland morphological characteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579deposited under NCIMB No. ______.
 5. A tomato plant regenerated from thetissue culture of claim 4, wherein said plant has all of thephysiological and morphological characteristics of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______.
 6. A tomato fruitproduced from the plant of claim
 2. 7. A method for harvesting a tomatofruit, the method comprising: (a) growing the tomato plant of claim 2 toproduce a tomato fruit, and (b) harvesting said tomato fruit.
 8. Atomato fruit produced by the method of claim
 7. 9. A method forproducing a tomato seed, the method comprising: (a) crossing a firsttomato plant with a second tomato plant and (b) harvesting the resultanttomato seed, wherein said first tomato plant and/or second tomato plantis the tomato plant of claim
 2. 10. A method for producing a tomatoseed, the method comprising: (a) self-pollinating the tomato plant ofclaim 2 and (b) harvesting the resultant tomato seed.
 11. A method ofvegetatively propagating the tomato plant of claim 2, the methodcomprising: (a) collecting a part capable of being propagated from theplant of claim 2 and (b) regenerating a plant from said part.
 12. Themethod of claim 11, further comprising (c) harvesting a fruit from saidregenerated plant.
 13. A plant obtained from the method of claim 11,wherein said plant has all of the physiological and morphologicalcharacteristics of hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 deposited underNCIMB No. ______.
 14. A fruit obtained from the method of claim
 12. 15.A method of producing a tomato plant derived from hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579, the method comprising: (a) self-pollinating theplant of claim 2 at least once to produce a progeny plant.
 16. Themethod of claim 15, further comprising the steps of: (b) crossing theprogeny plant derived from the hybrid tomato designated HM 12579 withitself or a second tomato plant to produce a seed of progeny plant ofsubsequent generation; (c) growing the progeny plant of the subsequentgeneration from the seed; (d) crossing the progeny plant of thesubsequent generation with itself or a second tomato plant to produce atomato plant derived from the hybrid tomato designated HM 12579; and (e)repeating step (c) and/or (d) for at least one generation to produce atomato plant derived from the hybrid tomato designated HM
 12579. 17. Amethod of producing a tomato plant derived from hybrid tomato designatedHM 12579, the method comprising: (a) crossing the plant of claim 2 witha second tomato plant to produce a progeny plant.
 18. The method ofclaim 17, further comprising the steps of: (b) crossing the progenyplant derived from the hybrid tomato plant designated HM 12579 withitself or a second tomato plant to produce a seed of progeny plant ofsubsequent generation; (c) growing the progeny plant of the subsequentgeneration from the seed; (d) crossing the progeny plant of thesubsequent generation with itself or a second tomato plant to produce atomato plant derived from the tomato hybrid tomato plant designated HM12579; and (e) repeating step (c) and/or (d) for at least one generationto produce a tomato plant derived from the hybrid tomato plantdesignated HM
 12579. 19. A method of producing a plant of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579 comprising at least one desired trait, the methodcomprising: introducing a single locus conversion conferring the desiredtrait into hybrid tomato designated HM 12579, whereby a plant of hybridtomato designated HM 12579 comprising the desired trait is produced. 20.A tomato plant designated HM 12579, further comprising a single locusconversion and otherwise all of the characteristics of hybrid tomatodesignated HM 12579 deposited under NCIMB No. ______.
 21. The plant ofclaim 20, wherein the single locus conversion confers said plant withmale sterility, male fertility, herbicide resistance, insect resistance,disease resistance, water stress tolerance, heat tolerance, improvedstandability, enhanced plant vigor, improved shelf life, delayedsenescence or controlled ripening, and increased nutritional quality.22. The plant of claim 20, wherein the single locus conversion isintroduced into the plant by the use of recurrent selection, mutationbreeding, wherein said mutation breeding selects for a mutation that isspontaneous or artificially induced, backcrossing, pedigree breeding,haploid/double haploid production, marker-assisted selection, genetictransformation, genomic selection, synthetic genomics, Zinc fingernuclease (ZFN), oligonucleotide directed mutagenesis, cisgenesis,intragenesis, RNA-dependent DNA methylation, agro-infiltration,Transcription Activation-Like Effector Nuclease (TALENs), CRISPR/Cassystem, engineered meganuclease, engineered homing endonuclease, and DNAguided genome editing.
 23. A method of producing a tomato plant, themethod comprising: grafting a rootstock or a scion of the hybrid tomatoplant of claim 2 to another tomato plant.
 24. A method for producingnucleic acids, the method comprising: isolating nucleic acids from theplant of claim 2, or a part, or a cell thereof.
 25. A method forproducing a second tomato plant, the method comprising: applying plantbreeding techniques to the plant or part of claim 2 to produce thesecond tomato plant.